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AP Psych CIHS > CIHS 4 Exam > Flashcards

CIHS 4 Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

distinguishing between one illness from another

A

Diagnosis

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2
Q

cause and development of illness

A

Etiology

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3
Q

Ativan, Valium

A

antianxiety drugs

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4
Q

Prozac, Zoloft, and Praxil

A

antidepressant drugs

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5
Q

Thorazine

A

antipsychotic drugs

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6
Q

non-directive approach to talk therapy that requires the client to actively take the reins during each therapy session, while the therapist acts mainly as a guide or a source of support for the client

A

client-centered therapy

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7
Q

a talking therapy that can help you manage your problems by changing the way you think and behave. It’s most commonly used to treat anxiety and depression

A

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

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8
Q

contains the most up to date criteria for diagnosing mental disorders with descriptive text, describing the prognosis for the individuals

A

purpose of the DSM-5

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9
Q

a treatment that involves sending an electric current through your brain, causing a brief surge of electrical activity within your brain to treat depression, suicidality, severe psychosis, food refusal secondary to depression, and catatonia

A

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

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10
Q

giving the person direct exposure to an anxiety-provoking situation

A

flooding

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11
Q

the patient relaxes and talks about whatever comes to their head(Freudian psychoanalysis)

A

free association

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12
Q

person imagines themselves in an anxiety-provoking situation

A

implosive therapy

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13
Q

mood-stabilizing drug used to treat mania, hypomania, etc

A

lithium

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14
Q

brain surgery that severes the connection between the frontal lobe and other parts of the brain as a treatment for mental health conditions such as schizophrenia

A

lobotomy

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15
Q

anxiety disorder characterized by recurring panic attacks as well as the constant worry of another attack occurring

A

panic disorder

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16
Q

victims must have 3 recurring symptoms for at least 6 months: agitation, loss of energy, difficulty focusing, irritability, muscle tension, difficulty sleeping

A

generalized anxiety

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17
Q

characterized by an out-of-proportion fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

A

specific phobia disorder

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18
Q

fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possiblee scrutiny by others

A

social anxiety disorder

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19
Q

clients practice being in stressful situations with a therapist with them to help them practice replacement skills

A

stress-inoculation training

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20
Q

a medication-induced movement disorder that persists despite discontinuation or change of the medications

A

tardive dyskinesia

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21
Q

involves the therapist accepting and supporting the client regardless of what he or she says or does

A

unconditional positive regard

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22
Q

marked by active avoidance and fear of two of the following situations( public transportation, open spaces, enclosed places, crowds, being outside of the home alone)

A

agoraphobia

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23
Q

individual intentionally behaves in ways designed to prevent contact with phobic objects or situations

A

active avoidance

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24
Q

characterized by obsessions and compulsions are time-consuming (more than 1 hour per day) or case significant distress or impairment in social or occupational functioning

A

Obsessive compulsive disorder

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25
Q

recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as unwanted that elad to anxiety or distres

A

obessions

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26
Q

repetitive behaviors or mental acts, that the individual feels driven to perform according to a self-imposed set of rules to reduce to prevent anxiety

A

compulsions

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27
Q

(lasts for more than 1 month)exposure to actual threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, directly experiencing or witnessing the traumatic event, learning that a traumatic event has happened to a faily member or close friend

A

PTSD

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28
Q

a therapy approach that draws the most relevant techniques from other evidence-based therapy modalities together for an effective, individualized treatment plan

A

eclectic therapy

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29
Q

client keeps a dream journal and therapists figure out the underlying concepts in the manifest content(Freudian psychoanalysis)

A

dream analysis

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30
Q

made by the therapist once they have determined the underlying issues (Freudian psychoanalysis)

A

interpretation

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31
Q

when the individual transfers their personal feelings about a person to their therapist

A

transference

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32
Q

patient intentionally blocks or refuses to open up about certain topics

A

resistance

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33
Q

when an individual becomes highly emotional(good thing to get people to open up)

A

catharsis

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34
Q

(lasts from 3 days to 1 month) same symptoms as PTSD and about 50% develop PTSD

A

Acute stress disorder

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35
Q

two or more distinct personality that involves a disruption in identity, recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal information, and traumatic events that are inconsistent with normal forgetting

A

Dissociative Identity Disorder

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36
Q

sudden inability to recall personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that can’t be explained by normal forgetting, episodes last days or years and can be reoccurring, retrograde amnesia only

A

Dissociative Amnesia

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37
Q

it can act as a support network and a sounding board, other members often help you come up with specific ideas for improving a difficult situation or life challenge, and hold you accountable, regularly talking and listening to others also helps you put your own problems in perspective

A

advantages of group therapy

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38
Q

anxiety is extinguished by exposing the patient to anxiety-provoking stimulus or a situation

A

exposure therapy

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39
Q

type of therapy that associates a relaxed state with anxiety-inducing stimuli

A

systematic desensitzation

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40
Q

type of conditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted(aversive) behavior

A

aversion therapy/ conditioning

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41
Q

purposeful travel that is associated with amnesia of identity or important autobiographical information

A

dissociative fugue

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42
Q

5 or more symptoms(depressed mood most of the day, everyday, deminished interest in pleasurable activities, significant weightloss or gain, insomnia, fatigue, inability to concentrate, suicidal thoughts), impairment of social and occupational functioning

A

Major depression disorder

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43
Q

distribution of ‘tokens’ or other indicators of reinforcement contingent on desirable behavior, tokens need to be redeemable and given immediately after desired behavior(elementary schools, prisons, mental hospitals)(operant conditioning therapy)

A

token economics

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44
Q

depressed mood persists for more than 2 years, symptoms include at least 2 of the following(poor appetite or overeating, insomnia, fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration, feeling hopelessness)

A

persistent depressive disorder

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45
Q

an experimental procedure in which a nonhuman animal, already conditioned to respond to a stimulus in a particular way, is trained to produce a different response

A

counterconditioning

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46
Q

eating disorder where people eat so little that they have unhealthy weight loss and become dangerously thing

A

Anorexia Nervosa

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47
Q

eating disorder characterized by regular often secretive bouts of overeating followed by self-induced vomiting or purging

A

bulimia nervosa

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48
Q

frequently eating unusually large amounts of food in one sitting and feeling that eating behavior is out of control

A

binge-eating disorder

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49
Q

how cultural standards have impacted the percentages of anorexia nervosa

A

Cultural standards emphasize thinness with success often in magazines, television and other media, creating unrealistic images of perfection, teen girls and young women are the most at risk

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49
Q

abnormally elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week, not attributed to the use of medication

A

Manic episode

50
Q

abnormally elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week, not attrivuted to the use of medication, not sever enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning

A

Hypomanic episode

51
Q

Ritalin

A

stimulant used to treat ADHD

52
Q

Strattera

A

non-stimulant that increases norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, used to treat ADHD

53
Q

characterized by manic, hypomanic, and major depressive episodes

A

Bipolar I

54
Q

at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode, but NO MANIC EPISODES, noticeable impairment occurs during the major depressive episode

A

Bipolar II

55
Q

disregard for the rights of others, long standing pattern of irresponsible behavior that indicates a complete lack of conscience, formerly labeled as psychopaths, do not experience anxiety or shame and typically lie, steal, and fight

A

Antisocial personality disorder

56
Q

innability to maintain health social relationships( fear of abandonment)

A

borderline personality disorder

57
Q

excessively emotional attention seeking(active sex life)

A

Histrionic personality disorder

58
Q

pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

A

Narsisstic personality disorder

59
Q

distrust and suspiciousion of people

A

Paranoid personality disorder

60
Q

delusion of having some great talent or insight

A

grandiose delusions

61
Q

work by increasing serotonin(a neurotransmitter) levels in the brain to treat depression, particularly persistent or severe cases

A

SSRIs on body chemistry

62
Q

depression, suicidality, severe psychosis, food refusal secondary to depression, and catatonia

A

ECT is used to treat

63
Q

delusion that his/her spouse is unfaithful

A

jealous delusions

64
Q

delusion that he/she is being conspired against, cheated or spied upon

A

persecutory delusions

65
Q

delusion about bodily function or sensations

A

somatic delusions

66
Q

delusion that another person is in love with the individual

A

erotomanic delusions

67
Q

decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful acts (ex: sits for long periods of time with not interest)

A

avolition

68
Q

what lead to deinstitutionalization

A

the belief that mental hospitals were cruel and inhumane; the hope that new antipsychotic medications offered a cure; and the desire to save money

69
Q

the reappearance of the conditioned response after a rest period or period of lessened response

A

spontaneous response

70
Q

a reduction or disappearance of symptoms without any therapeutic intervention, which may be temporary or permanent

A

spontaneous remission

71
Q

fixed beliefs that are not eopen to change regardless of evidence

A

delusions

72
Q

perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus, vivid and clear and not voluntary control, auditory are most common

A

hallucinations

73
Q

high levels of dopamine, antipsychotic medication lowers dopamine levels, (parkinson patients: exact opposite of schitzophrenia)

A

Summarize the ‘Dopamine Hypothesis’

74
Q

persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across a wide range of activities, limited ability to share emotions and interests of others, poor recognitions of verbal and nonverbal cues and gestures, repetitibe behaviors and patterns with fixation on particular interests(present in early developmental period, 2)

A

Autism spectrum disorder

75
Q

persistent pattern of inattention or impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development, inability to sustain interest in an activity or maintain mental focus required by a task, easily distracted and impatient, inability to sit still or remain quit(present before age 12)

A

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

76
Q

pattern of angry mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months, disturbance is associated to the immediate social context

A

oppositional defiant disorder

77
Q

marked by incongruence between one’s expressed gender and assigned gender for at least 6 months, significant distress or impairment in social, school, or other important areas of functioning

A

gender dysphoria disorder

78
Q

Experiment conducted to determine the validity of psychiatric diagnosis. The participants feigned hallucinations to enter psychiatric hospitals but acted normally afterwards. They were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders and were given antipsychotic medication however did not take them

A

Rosenhan’s study of mental hospital admissions

79
Q

determined that we cannot distinguish the sane from the insane in psychiatric hospitals

A

significance of the Rosenhan study

80
Q

mental illness in such a severe manner that a person can not distinguish fantasy from reality, cannot conduct her/his affairs due to psychosis

A

what is meant by insanity

81
Q

decrease volume of the temporal lobe, enlargement of the ventricles, brain asymmetries, low frontal lobe activity, increase activity in the amygdala and thalamus

A

structural abnormalities that may be the etiology of schizophrennia

82
Q

used to improve or cure a patient’s severe mental illness by focusing on making physical changes to the structure and function of the brain to improve mental health

A

goal of biomedical therapies

83
Q

bias that devalues people because of their perceived membership in a social group

A

prejudice

84
Q

an act, policy, practice, or social structure that creates, maintains, or reinforces an advantage for some groups and their members over other groups and their members

A

discrimination

85
Q

a cognitive structure of organized information, or representations, about social norms and collective patterns of behavior within society

A

social schemas

86
Q

an inference regarding the cause of a person’s behavior or an interpersonal event

A

attribution theory

87
Q

refer to the external factors or circumstances that influence an individual’s behavior

A

dispositional factors

88
Q

refer to the internal traits or characteristics of an individual that influence their behavior

A

situational factors

89
Q

we act to reduce discomfort when two of our thoughts are inconsistent resulting in a change in our attitude

A

cognitive dissonance

90
Q

bias where observers underemphasize situational and environmental factors for the behavior of an actor while overemphasizing dispositional or personality factors

A

fundamental attribution error

91
Q

phenomenon by which people tend to believe they are being noticed more than they really are

A

spotlight effect

92
Q

bias that assumes that “people get what they deserve” – that actions will have morally fair and fitting consequences for the actor

A

Just-world hypothesis

93
Q

key factors of attraction

A

physical, similarity, reciprocity, proximity

94
Q

deep lasting affection that allows relationships to last

A

companionate love

95
Q

intense positive absorption seen at the beginning of a relationship

A

passionate love

96
Q

physical attractiveness was associated with reproductive potential

A

Evolutionary research on mating partners

97
Q

persuasion that focuses on the issues/arguement

A

central route persuasion

98
Q

persuasion that is influenced by incidental views

A

Peripheral route persuasion

99
Q

a form of social influence in which a person yields to explicit requests from another person

A

compliance

100
Q

tendency for people to adopt behaviors, attitudes, and opinions of other members of a group

A

conformity

101
Q

the expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

A

norms of reciprocity

102
Q

technique in which you start with a small request and gradually increase them

A

foot-in-door technique

103
Q

technique in which you start with an outrageous request and once it gets denied you lower it to your target request

A

door-in-face technique

104
Q

technique where you extremely lower the price or ask and right at the moment the person is going to do/buy it the price/task gets upped

A

lowball technique

105
Q

loss of individual identity for the betterment of the group

A

deindivudation

106
Q

the tendency to mimic the postures, mannerisms, facial expressions, and other behaviors to match that of others in one’s current social environment

A

chameleon effect

107
Q

participants select a line out of three that matches the stimulus line/ subjects conformed ⅓ of the time when the confederates vote unanimously/ Conformity and Normative and Social influence

A

Solomon Asch

108
Q

people who are able to resist situational forces that overwhelm their peers

A

individual heroic defiance

109
Q

Teacher to apply electric shocks when the learner does not answer questions correctly/ 66% of subjects delivered what they thought to be a maximum of 450 volts/ obedience to authority figures

A

Stanely Milgram

110
Q

simulate a prison setting and assign roles of “prisoners” and “guards” to students/ simulation cut off in 6 days because of sadistic guards and ethical violations/ social roles

A

Standford prison experiments

111
Q

occurs when members of a group are so driven to reach a unanimous decision that they no longer truly evaluate the repercussions of their decisions

A

groupthink

112
Q

teachers were told prior to the school year to expect certain kids to “bloom” academically during the year/ teacher expectations did come true- bloomers did prove more successful than non-bloomers/ self-fulfilling prophecy

A

Rosenthal and Jacobson’s “Pygmalion in the Classroom” study

113
Q

Emergency situation created to test people’s helping behavior/ people when they think they are alone, but the larger the group present, the less likely anyone is to act/ diffusion of responsibility and bystander intervention

A

Latane and Darley’s ‘seizure study’

114
Q

occurs when the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation

A

bystnader effect

115
Q

when working or performing with others causes a massive decrease in the ability

A

social inhibition

116
Q

you have a diminished sense of effort when working in a group or with other people

A

social loafing

117
Q

your performance will increase when performing a task around other people

A

social facilitation

118
Q

the physical outcome of a situation being influenced by our thinking, either positively or negatively

A

self-fulfilling prophecy

119
Q

occurs when a group of like-minded people reinforces each other’s opinions, positive or negative, and these opinions become more extreme as they’re discussed

A

group polarization

120
Q

any group to which one belongs or with which one identifies, but particularly a group judged to be different from other groups

A

ingroup

121
Q

A group of people who do not belong to one’s own social group

A

outgroup

122
Q

unselfish concern for the welfare of others

A

altruism

123
Q

rules and standards that are understood by members of a group, and that guide or constrain social behaviors without the force of law

A

social norms

AP Psych CIHS (11 decks)

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