Personality Vocab Flashcards
ancient memory images in our collective unconscious(yoda= wisdom/ mentor)
archetypes
behavior and memories common to all humans and passed down from our common ancestors
collective unconsciousness
a community that prioritizes the group over the individual, emphasizes personality traits and attributes like cohesion, harmony, duty, interdependence, achievement of group goals, and conflict avoidance
collectivism
a perceived deficiency that cannot be eliminated that results in overachieving in another area to counteract
compensation
the ego protects you from threatening thoughts in your unconscious/ unaware that you are actually using them
defense mechanisms
largely conscious, “executive” part of the personality that mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality(reality principle)
ego
tendency to focus on gratification obtained from outside the self/(low: retiring, sober, reserved/ high: sociable, fun-loving, affectionate)
extraversion
daydreaming or imagining oneself fulfilling a psychological need
fantasy
method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or embarrassing
free association
the reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives(pleasure principle)
id
adopting the characteristics of those we find threatening
identification
trusting and acting on one’s feelings, being true to oneself, and fulfilling oneself
individualism
they feel more comfortable focusing on their inner thoughts and ideas, rather than what’s happening externally/ enjoy spending time with just one or two people, rather than large groups or crowds
introversion
being prone to easily aroused, sometimes uncontrollable, negative emotions that don’t interfere with daily function/ (low: calm, secure, self-satisfied/ high: anxious, insecure, self-pitying)
neuroticism
tend to prefer variety, seek new experiences, and are curious and perceptive to their environment(low: practical uncreative, conforming/ high: creative, independent)
openness
a person’s unique consistent of thinking, feeling, and acting
personality
a personality assessment device that usually consists of a series of statements covering various characteristics and behavioral patterns to which the participant responds by choosing among fixed answers, such as true, false, always, often, seldom, or never, as applied to himself or herself
personality inventory
seeking immediate gratification
pleasure principles
the scientific study of human flourishing, and an applied approach to optimal functioning/is defined as the study of the strengths and virtues that enable individuals, communities, and organizations to thrive
positive psychology
designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, presumably revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts projected by the person into the test
projective personality test
seeks to gratify the id’s impulses in realistic ways that will bring long-term pleasure
reality principle
we create or choose to be in environments that support our beliefs and help us achieve our goals
recipricol determinism
all the thoughts and feeling we have in response to the question “Who am I”
self-concept
ones belief in ones ability to achieve something and chase ones destiny
self-efficacy
understanding your worth(how much we value ourselves in a certain situation)
self-esteem
using one’s own unexpended sexual energy for some creative or social purpose(turns out to be a healthy activity)
sublimation
represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment( the conscience) and for future aspirations
superego
unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories
superego
an attitude of grace that values us
unconditional positive regard
Compensation, Inferiority Complex
Alfred Adler
reciprocal determinism, high vs low self-efficacy, Observational learning(learn by watching others and seeing if the consequences are positive or negative), personality becomes a collection of learned behavior patterns
Albert Bandura
16PF, 171 traits in 16 basic dimensions, factor analysis (a statistical procedure in which we identify cluster or groups of related items( L data- daily life/ Q data- self-reported questionnaires/ inventories/ T data- projective tests))
RaymondCattell
an individual’s personality is based on the unfolding of your genetic blueprint with maturation and environment, all personality emerges from 3 higher-order traits( psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism, problem: never addressed the motivation behind a person’s personality
Hans Eysenck
refuted Freud’s theory: upset over Freud’s male bias(NO penis envy), disagreed that women have a weak superego because they do not experience castration anxiety, unfair expectations cause girls to feel the most anxiety, normal personality growth involves the full development of social relationships, basic anxiety
Karen Horney
sensation seekers=people who crave varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations, and experiences, developed sensation-seeking scale, ( thrill seekers, experience seekers, disinhibitors, susceptibility to boredom), peaks between 17-28, traced back to neurotransmitters( higher levels of dopamine and MAO(breaks down serotonin in synapse and assists in the release of adrenaline))
Marvin Zuckerman
positive psychology, individuals have three basic psychological needs: To feel positive emotion, Engage in activities that give life meaning and purpose, and. Have positive relationships with others
Martin Segliman
social learning theory emphasizes the role of expectancies in determining behavior/ behavior “is determined not only by the nature or importance of goals or reinforcements but also by the person’s anticipation or expectancy that these goals will occur(external locus of control… they control my destiny/ internal locus of control… I control my destiny)
Julian Rotter
archetypes, personal unconscious= comprised of repressed memories and clusters of thought/
collective unconscious= behavior and memories common to all humans and passed down from our common ancestors, a growth-promoting social climate provides… acceptance, genuineness, empathy, and a central feature of personality, self-concept “Who Am I?” unconditional positive regard- an attitude of grace that values us
Carl Rogers
proposed that we are motivated by a hierarchy of needs and self-transcendence, such people who achieved self- actualization shared characteristics( self-aware, self-accepting, open and spontaneous, loving and caring), interests were problem-centered(not self-centered), focused on life missions, few deep relationships, personal/ spiritual peak experiences
Abraham Maslow
