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MCAT psych/soc > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychological arousal

A

Alertness and readiness to respond

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2
Q

Social facilitation

A

People perform in groups better than individually

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3
Q

Yerke’s Dodson Law

A

Increasing arousal increases performance up to a certain threshold and then decreases performance after it exceeds the threshold
Exceeding: too much stress

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4
Q

Social loafing

A

When a group decreases individual sense of responsibility, because others will hypothetically pick up the slack

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5
Q

Bystander effect

A

Diffusion of responsibility in a stressful situation where bystander feels they are not best equipt to intervien

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6
Q

Deindividualization

A

People lose self awareness in group setting and have low degree of responsibility
1. Anonymity 2. Diffused responsibility 3. Group size

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7
Q

Group polarization

A

Idea that being in a group with like minded people will make beliefs more extreme
Major contributing factors are informational influence and normative influence

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8
Q

Normative influence

A

To be linked in group , people are more likely to express dominant view point

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9
Q

Group think

A

Irrational decisions are made to prevent conflict and conformity
8 factors

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10
Q

Collective rationalization

A

Factor 1 of group think
Group ignores warnings and do not reconsider actions and beliefs

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11
Q

Excessive stereotyping

A

Negative view of outsiders or dissenters

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12
Q

Illusion of invulnerability

A

Excessive self confidence that increases risk taking

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13
Q

Illusion of morality

A

Members of group believe they are morally riteous and their cause outweighs their actions

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14
Q

Illusion of unanimity

A

Majority of views uncontested

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15
Q

Mindguards

A

Members of group protect cohesion by by filtering info out with problematic mindsets

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16
Q

Pressure on dissenters

A

Members are contstantly under pressure to not express beliefs against the group

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17
Q

Self censorship

A

Members with dissenting beliefs do not share them

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18
Q

Conformity

A

Someone changes their actions, beliefs or thinking to fit into the social norm

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19
Q

Congruence

A

Preexisting overlap between social norms and personal beliefs

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20
Q

Internalization/ conversion

A

When conformity actually leads to changes in beliefs

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21
Q

Compliance

A

When someone acts according to social norms but do not take on dominant beliefs

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22
Q

Solomon ash experiemnet

A

Example of conformity

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23
Q

Request related compliance

A

Agreeing to do something because someone asked
- used in marketing
- several techniques

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24
Q

Foot in the door technique

A

Ask for a small favor and then the actual favor

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25
Q

Door in the face technique

A

Ask a huge favor so that the actual favor seems small

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26
Q

Low ball technique

A

Offer something at a low price and then raise it last minute

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27
Q

Obedience

A

Change in behavior in response to demands from someone with more authority

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28
Q

Milgram experiement

A

The shock experiement to see how long the participant will continue to shock people with authority coercion

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29
Q

Zimbardo experiment

A

Stanford prison experiment evaluated obedience and relationship between arbitrary prisoners and guards

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30
Q

Norms

A

Spoken or unspoken rules about attitudes, behaviors, beliefs, and values in society

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31
Q

Social control

A

Ways that norms are taught, enforced, and perpetuated

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32
Q

Deviance

A

When someone does not follow a norm

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33
Q

Formal norms

A

Encoded somewhere and are typically laws with specific penalities for violating them

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34
Q

What kind of norms are laws

A

Formal

35
Q

Informal norms

A

Not written , expectations without a fixed punishment

36
Q

Folkways

A

Insignificant informal norms
- involve small behaviors and expectations for daily life
- ex: fashion

37
Q

Mores

A

Important informal norms
- serious disapproval for violating
- cheating on a partner

38
Q

Taboos

A

Most restrictive norms that one is not permitted to do
- incest and cannibalism
- some are forbidden by law

39
Q

Anomie

A

Situation where there is no good match between societies norms and the individual’s norms

40
Q

Deviance

A

Someone violating a norm

41
Q

Differential association theory

A

Socially learned deviance

42
Q

Symbolic interactionalism

A

Behaviors are learned phenomena with culturally determined significance

43
Q

Labeling approach

A

People’s behavior is altered by being defined as a deviant

44
Q

Primary deviance

A

Refers to someone’s deviant actions before they are labeled as a deviant

45
Q

Secondary deviance

A

Deviance after the label deviant has been bestowed on them

46
Q

Strain theory

A

Try to explain why people commit deviance based on role of social and economic pressures
- people with stressors are pushed more toward crime

47
Q

Socialization

A

Range of norms that govern society and interactions between people and institutions

48
Q

First agent of socialization

A

Family

49
Q

Fads

A

New behavior becomes extremely popular then fades

50
Q

Mass hysteria

A

Negative behavior or belief spreads rapidly that insights fear
- witch trials

51
Q

Riots

A

More temporary than fads or mass hysteria
- spontaneous violent episodes
- classic form of deindividualization

52
Q

Attributions

A

Explanations of people’s behavior

53
Q

Disposition attribution

A

Behaviors are internal and inherit based on character

54
Q

Situational attribution

A

Externallly focused explanation for behavior

55
Q

Consistency cues

A

More often we see the behavior, more likely to recognize it as dispositional

56
Q

Distinctive cues

A

Notice when behavior is different than usual and associate it with a situation

57
Q

Actor-observer bias

A

We are likely to make a dispositional attribution to someone else, that would be situational for us when explaining negative behaviors

58
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

We are more likely to interpret negative behaviors of OTHER people as dispositional rather than situational

59
Q

Self serving bias

A

Tendency to promote good behaviors as dispositional and our bad behaviors as situational

60
Q

Locus of control

A

Control people have over circumstance
- between situational and dispositional

61
Q

People with internal locus of control

A

Believe they are efficalble and responsible for behaviors

62
Q

People with external locus of control

A

Usually attribute bad outcomes to situational

63
Q

Halo effect

A

How positive (or negative) impressions on a person in one domain, can impact our perception of them in other domains as well

64
Q

Just world hypothesis

A

Good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people

65
Q

Attributions made in western countries

A

More dispositional, Middle East and Asian is situational

66
Q

Prejudice

A

Irrational attitudes (pos or neg) towards groups or objects

67
Q

Stereotypes

A

Cognitive (prejudice is effective) , specific beliefs about a specific group
- often negative

68
Q

Stereotype content model

A

Stereotypes of people are placed on continuum between warmth and competence
- warmth: fondness
- competence: correct perception

69
Q

Paternalistic stereotype

A

High warmth, low competence

70
Q

Admiration stereotype

A

High warmth and high competence

71
Q

Contemptuous stereotype

A

Low warmth low competence

72
Q

Envious stereotype

A

Low warmth, high competence
- marginalized social groups

73
Q

Discrimination

A

Physical action and differential treatment based on prejudice
- has to involve actions or outcomes

74
Q

Individual discrimination

A

One person treats another differently

75
Q

Institutional discrimination

A

Larger patterns of unequal behavior and outcomes toward groups

76
Q

Prejudice is ______ while stereotypes are ______

A

Affective (emotional)

Cognitive

77
Q

Stereotypes

A

Overgeneralizations about a group of people

78
Q

Self fufilling prophecy

A

Our perceptions of ourselves influence our behavior

79
Q

Stereotype threat

A

Being reminded of a general stereotype (even unconsciously) can impact one’s behavior
- in a bad way

80
Q

Stereotype boost

A

People are reminded of a stereotype and it aids their performance

81
Q

Stigma

A

Intense disapproval that society directs toward specific behaviors and groups

82
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Belief that ones country is better than others
- judge other cultures in reference to ones own

83
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Judging each country on its own merit and being receptive to other ideas, cultures, customs

MCAT psych/soc (13 decks)

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