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MCAT psych/soc > conciousness > Flashcards

conciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

alertness

A

increased awareness and paying attention to stimuli

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2
Q

reticular formation

A

structure of brain associated with alertness
specifically RAS

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3
Q

coma

A

deep form of unconciousness. that does not react to stimuli and no concious movement

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4
Q

what brain imaging technique is used to measure brain waves during sleep

A

EEG

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5
Q

beta waves

A

fully awake and alert brain waves

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6
Q

alpha waves

A

fatigued less alert brain waves than beta

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7
Q

REM

A

rapid eye movement
muscle movement low, brain waves active
dreaming
becomes longer as sleep progresses

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8
Q

rem rebound

A

if a night of rem is missed, there will be extra rem to compensate the next night

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9
Q

stage 1 nonREM

A

theta waves
slow eye movement
light sleep

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10
Q

stage 2 nonREM

A

no eye motion
heart rate and breathing slow
theta waves, bursts of K complexes and sleep spindles

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11
Q

k complexes

A

periodic high-amplitude bursts

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12
Q

sleep spindles

A

high frequency bursts of activity that are thought to play a role in memory consolidation

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13
Q

stage 3 nonREM

A

deep sleep
slow wave sleep
delta waves
memory processing and recovery

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14
Q

length of an adult sleep cycle

A

90 minutes

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15
Q

which stage predominates at the begining of sleep

A

nonREM deep sleep

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16
Q

which stage predominates toward the end of sleep

A

REM lighter sleep

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17
Q

circadian rythym

A

24 hour sleep/wake cycle that is governed by melatonin and cortisol

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18
Q

pineal gland

A

secretes melatonin

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19
Q

insomnia

A

struggle to fall asleep

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20
Q

narcolepsy

A

excessive day time sleepiness , abnormal REM , cataplexy , sleep paralysis, hallucinations

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21
Q

cataplexy

A

sudden loss of muscle control

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22
Q

sleep apnea

A

cessation of breathing during sleep

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23
Q

dyssomnias

A

interfere with wheather or not sleep takes place

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24
Q

parasomnias

A

abnormal sleeping behavior

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25
Q

somnabolism

A

sleep walking

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26
Q

examples of parasomnias

A

sleep terrors, sleep paralysis, nighmares

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27
Q

manifest content

A

surface level plot line/ original intent

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28
Q

latent content

A

hidden meaning and messages

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29
Q

wish fufilment

A

hypothesis of freud that dreams serve to provide a way to resolve repressed conflict and they visualize a way to resolve it

30
Q

activation-synthesis model

A

activation of neurons in REM results in synthesis of input through dreaming

31
Q

problem solving theory of dreaming

A

dreams are designed to fix conflict

32
Q

cognitive theory of dreaming

A

dreams reflect cognitive structures

33
Q

hypnosis

A

someone being put into a hyper suggestible state, extremely responsive to certain stimuli

34
Q

meditation

A

quieting the mind to focus more deliberately
- proven to show altered brain wave patterns of alpha and theta

35
Q

caffiene

A

stimulant that increases cns activation and mimics sympathetic nervous system

36
Q

addiction

A

pattern of compulsive behavior that persists despite negative consequences

37
Q

dependence

A

mild withdrawl symptoms but no compulsive behaviors

38
Q

tolerance

A

heavy users get accustomed to effects of a drug and need higher doses to get the same effect

39
Q

nicotine

A

stimulant that is highly addictive

40
Q

amphetamines

A

stimulants
increase energy, alertness, decrease appetitie
mood swings , hallucinations psychosis
adderall and meth

41
Q

MDMA

A

ecstacy/ molly
- empathy/pleasure, increased focus, alertness

42
Q

cocaine

A

strong stimulant, blocks uptake of serotonin, dopamine, norep
- local numbing agent

43
Q

depressents

A

supress CNS
activate parasympathetic nervous system

44
Q

alcohol

A

depressent
- enhances action of GABA receptors

45
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

cannot form new memories, happens with high level alc consumption

46
Q

Korsakoff syndrome

A

psychiatric condition assoicated with long term alcoholism : amnesia, invented memories

47
Q

confabulation

A

invented memories

48
Q

barbituates

A

depressents that used to treat anxiety and depression
- suseptible to addiction

49
Q

benzodiazopes

A

also depresent used to treat anxiety and insomnia

50
Q

opiods

A

depresent that causes sleepiness and pain relief
- morphine and heroine

51
Q

endorphins

A

natural pain blockers

52
Q

which depressant drug is an endorphin agonist

A

opiods

53
Q

hallucinogens

A

distort perception and enhance sensory experience
- mimic sympathetic nervous system activation
LSD

54
Q

marjiuanna

A

THC bind to cannabinoid receptors which control appetitde, mood, pain

55
Q

mesolimbic pathway

A

reward pathway with dopaminergic neurons
- nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, olfactory tubule, medial forebrain bundle , amygdala
- motivation and reinforcement learning

56
Q

amygdala

A

contributes highly to addiction

57
Q

habituation

A

require drug to function normally

58
Q

attention

A

ability to direct awareness to a single aspect of stimuli from the external envirnment

59
Q

william james

A

focus
fringe (not paying attention to )
margin (between focus and fringe)

60
Q

broadbent model of selective attention

A

dozens of input streams of sensory info undergo basic processing for things like color, shape and so on then enter a sensory buffer and mind picks what to focus on from buffer

61
Q

shadowing

A

subjects are asked to repeat words as soon as they hear them

62
Q

cocktail party effect

A

processing info that we are not paying attention to so we can immediately notice specific things (like our name being brought up across a room)

63
Q

attenuation model

A

we process unintended information to some lesser extent while not fully interpreting it but can draw on it if necessary

64
Q

inattentional bias

A

miss things in the background when focusing on something else

65
Q

change blindness

A

failure to notice changes that take place between two stimuli
(fail to notice new haricut)

66
Q

which model does multitasking follow

A

sequential attention

67
Q

allport’s model resource theory

A

brain does not have one distinct attention center but various modules so we can multitask if things require different modules

68
Q

controlled processing

A

conciously focus in task

69
Q

automatic processing

A

unconcious performances

70
Q

attention deficient/ hyperactive disorder

A

difficulty in maintaining attention on tasks
types: inattentive
hyperactive impulsive
combo

MCAT psych/soc (13 decks)

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