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Psy 340 > Social Psych Test 2 > Flashcards

Social Psych Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cooper (age 7) loves to draw with crayons. Every day after school he rushes home, gets out his box of crayons and happily draws until dinnertime. His parents are very proud of Cooper for working so hard on his drawing so they give him an extra chocolate chip cookie every day that he draws until dinnertime. After awhile, Cooper begins to draw less and less until he no longer draws when he returns home rom school. This is an example of … ?

A

Overjustification effect

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2
Q

Imagine that bill was asked by his friend to help hand out flyers for his friend’s surf club. Bill agrees to help his friend. The following week Bill’s friend asks for helping organizing a fundraiser for his surf club. Do you think Bill would help, and if so, why?

A

Yes, because of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

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3
Q

When we want to present a desired or positive image to other people as well as to ourselves, we are engaging in what type of psychological process?

A

self-presentation

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4
Q

See a trip to Hawaii advertised for $250, instead of $750. After you call the ravel agent and are waiting for her response, begin to dream of your days on the beach and all of the fun. The travel agent then informs you that deal is over, but she can get you a trip for $800. Having trouble getting the thoughts of a dream trip to Hawaii out of your mind, you agree to this higher priced trip. What psychological tactic did the travel agent use to get you to purchase the higher priced trip?

A

Low ball technique

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5
Q

Imagine that you gained admittance to two equally attractive colleges (College A and B). After much hand wringing and deep contemplation you finally choose College A. According to the book and what discussed in lecture, how might you feel and what type of behavior would you engage in to alleviate those feelings?

A

Dissonance; upgrade the choice we made, and downgrade the choice we did not make

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6
Q

According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, what are the three factors that contribute to or increase one’s intentions to behave?

A
  • Subjective norms
  • Perceived control
  • Attitude
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7
Q

Cooper said earlier that he did not support a tuition increase @SDSU, but then some time later he writes an essay in support of this tuition increase. In order to reduce this inconsistency or feeling of dissonance, Cooper does what?

A

Adjusts his attitudes so that it corresponds with his behavior

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8
Q

How does alcohol enhance aggressive behavior?

A

By reducing people’s self-awareness and inhibition

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9
Q

As discussed in the book and in lecture, why might Bem’s Self-Perception Theory NOT explain attitude change?

A

Because Self-Perception Theory better explains attitude formation

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10
Q

When we behave in attitude-inconsistent ways, we often feel some sort of tension. In order to reduce or reconcile this tension, we often change our attitude to match our behavior. This is an example of which social psychological process?

A

Cognitive dissonance

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11
Q

What are the ABCs of attitude?

A
  • Affect (feelings)
  • Behavior
  • Cognitive (thinking)
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12
Q

The main idea behind Daryl Bem’s Self-Perception Theory is that ___?

A

When our attitudes are weak, we use our own behavior to infer our attitudes

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13
Q

According to the theory of Attitude Accessibility, what are the two factors that make attitudes more likely to guide behavior?

A

When the attitude is highly accessible and affective (emotional)

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14
Q

Imagine that you are asked to read a personality profile of a person named Stanley. After reading the profile you are asked to give your impression of Stanley to one of his friends. In order to please Stanley’s friend you say nice things about Stanley. Then about a week later you are asked to recall your impression of Stanley. You state that Stanley seemed like a really nice guy. What psychological process might explain how your impression of Stanley was formed?

A

Saying becomes believing.

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15
Q

Strong attitudes lead to more attitude-consistent behavior. As discussed in lecture what factors make an attitude strong?

A

Self-relevance, Knowledge, Self-Interest

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16
Q

Which is the appropriate combination of factors that help contribute to a STRONG ATTITUDE-BEHAVIOR link?

A
  • Attitudes are strong
  • Social influences are minimal.
  • Other influences are mimimal
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17
Q

What are the four PRIMARY elements of persuasion?

A

The audience, the communicator, the channel of communication, the message content

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18
Q

Your book discusses the different types of subtle and overt forms of prejudice. According to your book, what is a good way to measure subtle forms of prejudice?

A

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

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19
Q

How might being in a crowd affect you?

A

It will intensify your emotional reactions

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20
Q

As discussed in lecture, what are social norms?

A

Agreed upon standards or expectations for beahvior

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21
Q

When trying to persuade you to buy a new product (one that you have never heard of before then), the salesperson tells you that many other SDSU students have purchased the same product. What principle of persuasion is the salesperson using?

A

Social proof

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22
Q

As discussed in lecture, what is the primary difference between social loafing and social facilitation?

A

Social facilitation is “caused” by evaluation apprehension, while social loafing is “caused” by diffused responsibility?

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23
Q

What is the definition of conformity?

A

None of the above

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24
Q

What is the primary difference between instrumental and hostile aggression?

A

Instrumental aggression is goal directed, hostile aggression is driven by anger

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25
Q

Identify the three ways that social learning approach reduces aggressive response?

A
  1. Reduce aversive stimulation
  2. Reward and Model non-aggressive behavior
  3. Teach and reinforce non-aggressive response strategies
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26
Q

When we are in groups we sometimes perform behaviors that we would not normally do just because we want to be accepted by the group. What types of influence can explain this?

A

Normative influence

27
Q

In western cultures we want to appear moderately __A__ while maintaining a sense of __B__ with the group

A

a. unique

b. similarity

28
Q

What is one of the ways that we can prepare people to resist persuasion?

A

Mildly attack their position so they develop counterarguments against stronger future attacks on their position

29
Q

Based on what you learned from the obedience experiments conducted by Milgram, what are the three things that you could do to increase obedience?

A
  1. Be in close proximity when giving instructions
  2. Appear as a legitimate authority
  3. Represent a legitimate institutional authority
30
Q

Throughout our lives we are exposed to persuasive information. How we receive that information has important implications for how it persuades us. How does passive and active reception work?

A

Active reception is generally persuasive at the moment, but over time passive reception can also be persuasive if we hear the information repeatedly.

31
Q

Imagine that you are part of a group brought in to discuss the environment. You know that all of the people in your group favors policies and regulations to protect the environment. After the discussion, you noticed that the group’s initial positive attitudes toward the environment are enhanced. What psychological principle is best captured by this outcome?

A

Group Polarization

32
Q

What is the BEST definition for deindividuation?

A

Loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension

33
Q

Based on what you have learned in lecture and read in the book, what are the three primary ways that we can categorize people?

A

Race Gender and Age

34
Q

Imagine that you have just come home from school and you find a letter from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). You open the letter and along with their request for a donation is a small gift. What principle of persuasion is the WWF using?

A

Reciprocity Principle

35
Q

What are three conditions that promote and predict conformity?

A
  1. Group size
  2. Unanimity of group opinion
  3. Cohesiveness of the group
36
Q

Groupthink is not inevitable. How can groupthink be avoided?

A

All of the above.

  • Be impartial and willing to see al sides of an issue
  • Encourage critical evaluations
  • assign a “devil’s advocate”
  • subdivide the larger group into smaller discussion groups
37
Q

We are more likely to follow or use social norms in what type of a situation?

A

An unfamiliar situation

38
Q

Learned about persuasion, why might the Apple computer commercial be judged as an effective commercial?

A

It relied on both the peripheral and central routes to persuasion

39
Q

According to the book and what you learned in lecture, there are three varieties or types of conformity. What are they?

A
  1. Acceptance
  2. Compliance
  3. Obedience
40
Q

Recall the studies about the “culture of honor”. When Southern men were bumped and called a name by the experiment confederate, these men showed what type of response?

A

Completed a scenario task with violence-related imagery and language

41
Q

Based on the findings from the obedience experiments conducted by Milgram, it is clear that “normal” people can commit horrible acts. That is, everyone has the capacity to do horrific things. Why might this be?

A

Obedience to authority is a powerful force and when an authority figure is viewed as being legitimate and represents a legitimate institution, that force is hard to resist.

42
Q

Imagine that you are walking across campus and you see a group taking a tour on campus … look up @ sky and notice only a few do so also,… how might you get more people in the tour group to conform to your behavior?

A

Get 5 friends to look up at the sky with you the next time you pass a tour group on campus

43
Q

Being in an aversive situation (very hot room) often triggers hostile aggression by provoking what?

A
  1. Hostile thoughts
  2. Angry feelings
  3. Aroused states
44
Q

Which social psychological principle is best capture by the fact that we perform well-learned tasks better in the presence of others compared to when we perform them alone?

A

Social facilitation

45
Q

When I was growing up my friend Bob used to punch a few of the smaller kids in class. Upon seeing Bob punch these kids, the teacher always stopped what she was doing and told Bob to stop. Despite being told to stop on numerous occasions, Bob still continued to punch these kids. Why might this be?

A

Because of the teacher’s attention Bob felt rewarded for his aggressive behavior

46
Q

We can persuade people by using either a one-sided or two-sided appeal. When is a two-sided appeal more effective than a one-sided appeal?

A

When the audience has been exposed to opposing arguments

47
Q

What is one of the primary differences between the central and peripheral routes to persuasion

A

Central route requires deeper, more elaborate information processing; the peripheral route requires shallower, less elaborate information processing

48
Q

Why do groups experience diminished self-awareness often engage in antisocial or counter-normative behavior?

A

Because diminished self-awareness makes us feel less restricted and it diffuses responsibility for our actions

49
Q

Watching TV violence can affect us in many ways. Based on what you read in the book, what are some of the ways that TV violence can affect our thinking (cognition)?

A

We become desensitized to the violence, it alters our perceptions of real world violence, and it primes aggressive thoughts

50
Q

Imagine that you meet Cooper at a party and the first thing he says to you is really rude. Then towards the end of the party he comes over and makes somewhat pleasant conversation with you. At the end of the night you leave the party and think, “even though I had a pleasant convo with Cooper, he still seems like a rude person.” This is a good illustration of what type of effect?

A

Primacy effect

51
Q

Would three people standing in an elevator be considered a group?

A

It depends on whether they are interacting and influencing one another

52
Q

Which of the following answer choices BEST captures the relationship between violence and TV viewing?

A

Watching tv violence as a child moderately predicts violent or aggressive behavior as an adult

53
Q

What are the three predictors for who conforms…

A
  1. Personality
  2. Social roles
  3. Culture
54
Q

In the Simpson’s episode shown in class, Homer was attracted to the “Movementarians” catchy theme song that was similar to Batman’s theme song. This is an illustration of what persuasion technique?

A

Fluency

55
Q

What factors make a minority dissenter even more effective?

A

Staying consistent, Charisma, Breaking from the majority

56
Q

We are more likely to conform when our response are made ___?

A

In public

57
Q

The original conceptualization of the Frustration-Aggression theory has been modified. How was it modified?

A

researchers have found that the sources of frustrations can lead to different responses

58
Q

Suppose you were campaigning in support of global warming. You have to make a decision about the best way to relay your message. You know what the audience will be full of scientists and environmental activists, but this is a group you have never spoken to before. What would be the best approach to take?

A

Itemize your arguments and cite a number of statistics and facts

59
Q

Cortisol and testosterone are hormones often measured to determine … ?

A

Preparedness to aggress

60
Q

After being told we cannot do something, we often rebel and behave in anti-conformist ways. Which psychological process best characterizes this response?

A

Reactance

61
Q

Way, mafia hits, and even torture, are examples of what type of aggression?

A

Instrumental aggression

62
Q

When is social loafing less likely to occur?

A

When the task is challenging and appealing, and you are with your friends

63
Q

Which principle of persuasion is “Dr. Tandards” relying on?

A

None of the above

  • social proof principle
  • scarcity principle
  • familiarity principle
64
Q

There are two primary reasons for why we conform. What are the reasons?

A

We want to be like; we use others as evidence about social identity

Psy 340 (14 decks)

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