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Psy 340 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Despite individual differences in what we fine attractive, research shows that there is one common feature of all attractive faces. What is that feature?

A

symmetry

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2
Q

What are some of the factors that facilitate helping behavior?

A
  1. When we are not under time pressure
  2. When we are in a good mood
  3. When the emergency situation is unambigious
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3
Q

Driving home and you notice a car on the side of the road with its hood up and the driver of the car perring at the engine. You do not stop to help. Then later on, you notice another car on the side of the road and that driver is attempting to change a flat tire. How likely that you would offer help to the driver who is attempting to change the flat tire?

A

Unlikely to help because you were not provided with a prior model of helping behavior

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4
Q

Recall the jealousy experiment discussed in lecture. When asked to freely recall an actual incident of infidelity (cheating), both men and women indicate that they focused on . . .

A

Emotional infidelity more than sexual infidelity

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5
Q

What are some of the factors that lead to friendship and attraction?

A
  1. Proximity
  2. Physical attraction
  3. Similarity
  4. Relationship rewards
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6
Q

Based on what you read in the book, what is one of the DOWNSIDES to being very attractive?

A

Very attractive people are less motivated to develop their skills and talents because they often get what they want simply by being attractive

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7
Q

What are the basic components of love?

A
  1. Intimacy
  2. Commitment
  3. Passion
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8
Q

Which of the following is a good portrayal of moral inclusion and moral exclusion?

A
  • Being morally inclusive means that we help anyone

- while being morally exclusive means that we only help certain people

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9
Q

Imagine that you are sitting face-to-face with another person in a waiting room. Suddenly there is a crash and loud shout coming from next door. Consider this situation and then select the best answer choice from why you would be more likely to help in this situation compared to a situation where you are sitting back-to-back with another person

A

Sitting face-to-face allows us to see the other person’s facial expression, which then helps us interpret the situation as an emergency

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10
Q

What is the physical-attractiveness stereotype?

A

When we believe that attractive people possess other socially desirable attributes

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11
Q

Melody stayed up all night helping Alli finish her stats hw. When melody arrives at school the following morning a number of people tell her how wonderful she is. One person buys her a cup of coffee to help help her stay awake. At lunch another person gives melody a piece of cake. How might these people’s reaction influence Melody’s future helping behavior?

A

It could undermine her intrinsic motivation to help others because her friend did not thank her, thus she feels like she is not appreciated

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12
Q

During the Vietnam war, 63 soldiers received a medal of honor for using their bodies as human shields. These me acted without any time to reflect on their shame of cowardice or their internal states of self-sacrifice. This could be used as evidence for?

A

Genuine altruism

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13
Q

….which group of participants would like their partner more?

A

the group of participants who were told that they would personally share their information with another participant

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14
Q

The mere exposure effect demonstrates that we like those things that we have seen before. Based on what you learned, what factor can lead to an even stronger mere exposure effects?

A

Mere exposure has an even stronger effect when the stimulus is presented implicity

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15
Q

According to traditional evolutionary explanations for our mating preferences, men prefer __a___ and women prefer __b__

A

a. women who appear fertile and healthy

b. men who provide resources and protection

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16
Q

Why might people living in NY city compared to people living in Mendocino (small town) be less likely to help another person who has dropped a pen?

A

New Yorkers often experience compassion fatigue, why may restrain them from helping others

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17
Q

Best definition for the matching phenomenon

A

The tendency to choose a partner who is a good match in attractiveness and other personal qualities

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18
Q

Imagine that you got a call, which you were asked if you would be willing to make a 2 year commitment to volunteer at a local retirement home. You turn don this offer. Then a little later you receive another call, during which you are asked if you be willing to volunteer for one day next week at the same local retirement home. You accept the offer. What social psychological process can be used to explain your decisions?

A

door-in-the-face phenomenon

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19
Q

What is one of the primary differences between passionate and compassionate love?

A

feelings of sexual attraction

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20
Q

One of the reasons for why people help is called the mini-max strategy, what is the best description of this strategy?

A

minimize costs maximize benefits

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21
Q

Imagine that you are new in town. What is one way to create functional distance?

A

try to find a place to live near where people’s paths often cross

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22
Q

Imagine that you are people watching in the East Commons. As you are sitting there, you notice a man dressed i conservative clothing asking other people if they have two dollars that they can spare so he can take the bus home. Who do you think would likely to help this man, and why?

A

people who are also dressed conservatively, because they are similar to the man

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23
Q

According to the contact hypothesis, contact between members of different social groups can effectively reduce prejudice or tensions under certain conditions. Based on what you learned, what are 2 of these conditions?

A

When contact is casual and cooperative

24
Q

Imagine that you are walking down the street and you see an elderly woman struggling to carry her groceries up a flight of stairs. You rush over to help her. What psychological concept best explains why you helped her

A

social responsibility norms

25
Q

When we are in a close relationship we often share our most intimate thoughts, hopes, and desires. What psychological concept best fits this behavioral tendency?

A

self-disclosure

26
Q

After being reprimanded for touching a painting in a museum, upon leaving a college student asks for your help completing a survey about recycling. You readily agree. Why?

A

when feeling guilty over a transgression, we are more likely to help so that we can restore our feelings of self-worth

27
Q

When is the BEST definition for realistic group conflict theory?

A

that prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources

28
Q

In the simplest sense how do stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination differ?

A
  • Stereotyping is cognitive (thought)
  • Prejudice is affective (feeling)
  • Discrimnation is behavioral
29
Q

Based on what you learned in lecture, what are some of the conditions that can lead people to stereotype MORE?

A
  1. Time Pressure
  2. When we are tired
  3. When we are emotionally aroused
30
Q

Bob is on vacation in SD. He has never been to CA before; nevertheless, Bob expects all people from Cali to be lazy and laid back. After his vacation he returns home to Boston where his friends ask him about his trip and all the people he met. Although he met all kinds of people he could only recall those people who appeared lazy and laid back. What term best explains Bob’s miscollection?

A

Self-perpetuating stereotype

31
Q

In the movie Crash, L.A. district attorney confuses an Iraqi firefighter for someone who is Black. What psychological processes could explain his misidentification?

A

Outgroup homogeneity effect

32
Q

After receiving false negative feedback about their performances on an intelligence test, participants in Fein and Spencer’s study indicated that a Jewish female job applicant was less qualified and capable for a job than an Italian female job applicant. Why?

A

The participants negatively evaluated the Jewish women in order to restore their feelings of self-worth

33
Q

Two black friends are waling out a coffee shop, Brad tells his friend Jacob that the waitress was racist, because she kept refilling all of the white people’s coffee, but never came over to ask them if they wanted any coffee. As a budding social psychologist, what psychological construct might explain Brad’s statement about the waitress being racist?

A

Brad is high in STIGMA CONSCIOUSNESS, because he expects to be discriminated against

34
Q

According Claude Steele, stereotype threat affects stereotyped targets’ test performance because of what?

A

They are worried about confirming the negative stereotype about their group

35
Q

Imagine that your friend Jeff from Arizona tells you that he likes Californians, but when he completes a word fragment task that contains both positive and negative words related to Californians he completes the word fragments with more negative than positive words. This could be used as evidence for

A

subtle prejudice

36
Q

Imagine that your friend just took part in an experiment that involved making judgments about whether a face from his racial in-group or from difference racial group. He tells you that compared to other participants in the experiment he was particularly slow at making his judgements when the faces were racially ambiguous. Based on social identity theory and what you learned, what might you infer about your friend?

A

He may be prejudiced because he is slower at categorizing racially ambiguous faces

37
Q

What are some of the motivational sources of prejudice that were discussed in class and the book?

A
  • Social identity
  • Ingroup love/ outgroup hate
  • Negative feedback
38
Q

When we are in groups we sometimes perform behaviors that we would not normally do just because we want to be accepted by the group. What types of influence can explain this?

A

Normative influence

39
Q

Which social psychological principle is best capture by the fact that we perform well-learned tasks better in the presence of others compared to when we perform them alone?

A

social facilitation

40
Q

As discussed in lecture, what is the primary difference between social loafing and social facilitation

A

social facilitation is “caused” by evaluation apprehension, while social loafing is “Caused” by diffused responsibility

41
Q

How might being in a crowd affect you?

A

It will intensify your emotional reactions

42
Q

What is the BEST defintion for deindividuation?

A

Loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension

43
Q

When is social loafing less likely to occur?

A

When the task is challenging and appealing, and you are with your friends

44
Q

Why do groups that experience diminished self-awareness often engage in antisocial or counter-normative behavior?

A

Because diminished self-awareness often engage in antisocial or counter-normative behavior

45
Q

Groupthink is not inevitable. How can groupthink be avoided?

A

All of the above.

46
Q

What is one of the sources of gender stereotype formation?

A

the idea that by virtue of one gender playing particular roles in society, the traits associated with those roles come linked to that gender

47
Q

Imagine that you are part of a group brought in to discuss the environment. You know that all of the people in your group favors policies and regulation to protect the environment. After the discussion, you noticed that the group’s initial positive attitudes toward the environment are enhanced. What psychological principle is best capture by this outcome?

A

Group polarization

48
Q

What is the differences between sex and gender?

A

Gender is a social construction, sex is biological

49
Q

Compared with men, the average woman is more sensitive to smells and sounds, and more vulnerable to anxiety disorders and depression. These are examples of

A

sex differences

50
Q

What are the four ways that gender differences and similarities are explained?

A
  • Independence vs. connectednesss
  • Social dominance
  • aggression
  • sexuality
51
Q

What are two factors that shape gender roles?

A

biology and culture

52
Q

In many magazine ads women’s bodies are shown more often than men’s bodies, thus reflecting and perpetuating gender bias. These phenomena are often characterized as …?

A

objectification and face-ism

53
Q

Best definition for evolutionary psychology?

A

the study of behavior using principles of natural selection

54
Q

According to the book, much of culture’s influence is transmitted to children by whom?

A

their pees (next: family)

55
Q

Imagine that you have just come home from school and you find a letter from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). You open the letter and along with their respect for a donation is a small gift. What principle of persuasion is the WWF using?

A

Reciprocity Principle

Psy 340 (14 decks)

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