Social Psy

Question 1

Question ID #1278: When a group of people is attempting to develop solutions to problems using brainstorming, the resulting ideas, as compared to those generated by individuals working alone, are
Select one:
A. fewer and of lower quality.
B. greater and of better quality.
C. fewer but of better quality.
D. greater but not necessarily of better quality.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Question ID #1292: Experimenters find conformity is lowest when the:
Select one:
A. group size is reduced from 15 to 6.
B. subject has a “partner” in the group who shares his or her opinion.
C. subject is “deserted” by a partner.
D. stimuli to be judged are highly ambiguous.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Question ID #1287: According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, a persuasive message processed via the peripheral rather than the central route is most likely to be successful when:
Select one:
A. the message is not of an urgent nature
B. the listener has time to process the message
C. the communicator is of high status
D. the communicator is demographically similar to the listener

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Question ID #1248: A supervisor realizes that his employees are becoming less productive when working in a group. To avoid the effects of social loafing he should:
Select one:
A. provide clearly defined goals
B. require everyone to provide an equal amount of effort
C. make their jobs more challenging
D. offer the group a reward for meeting the company’s goal

Answer 4

C

Question 5

Question ID #1274: A week before a controversial episode of a television sitcom is to be shown, a prominent Christian fundamentalist group calls for a sponsor boycott of the show and urges people not to watch it. The group's actions are highly publicized and the group's leader appears on a different talk show every day for the week before the show debuts to discuss the reasons why people shouldn't watch the show. The show's episode turns out to be the most watched episode in its history. This situation illustrates the phenomenon of
Select one:
A. psychological reactance.
B. cognitive dissonance.
C. overjustification.  
D. overcompensation.

Answer 5

A

Question 6

Question ID #1280: A man who is very shy goes out with a friend. Suddenly, a crowd breaks out into a riot and the man becomes very aggressive. This is an example of
Select one:
A. deindividuation.
B. social power.
C. social comparison.
D. reactance

Answer 6

A

Question 7

Question ID #1283: Decisions made by a group are typically better than those made individually when:
Select one:
A. the group is highly cohesive
B. the group leader is directive
C. the task requires a high degree of creativity
D. members of the group have complementary skills

Answer 7

D

Question 8

Question ID #1281: A peripheral message is more likely to alter a person’s attitude if the receiver:
Select one:
A. feels happy
B. feels bored
C. feels angry
D. devotes considerable thought to the content of the message

Answer 8

A

Question 9

Question ID #1260: In the Prisoner’s Dilemma game, it was found that people:
Select one:
A. compete from the beginning.
B. cooperate initially but then compete.
C. compete initially but later cooperate.
D. cooperate from the beginning.

Answer 9

A

Question 10

Question ID #1267: An aggressive child was probably
Select one:
A. Spanked often and inconsistently
B. Never given proper boundaries
C. Spanked for specific naughty behaviors
D. Encouraged to think about the end results of her behaviors

Answer 10

A

Question 11

Question ID #1305: As a management consultant for a corporation, a psychologist devises a way for employees working in groups to complete their work. The psychologist divides the employees into two teams. Each team has to complete a set of tasks, and all group members are free to work on any or all of the tasks. If all tasks are completed, each team member receives a bonus. If even one of the tasks is not completed, nobody receives a bonus. This is an example of which type of task?
Select one:
A. additive
B. conjunctive  
C. compensatory
D. disjunctive

Answer 11

A

Question 12

Question ID #1296: In a rape case, jurors highest in their “belief in a just world” are most likely to:
Select one:
A. wonder what the rape victim was wearing.
B. assume the truth will come out.
C. want to punish the defendant most harshly.
D. try to be most fair in judging the defendant.

Answer 12

A

Question 13

Question ID #1276: Which of the following is related to minority influence?
Select one:
A. Ambiguity  
B. Idiosyncracy credits
C. Conformity
D. Psychological reactance

Answer 13

B

Question 14

Question ID #1282: A man says that if he goes to watch his favorite baseball team play, his team will lose, despite the team's excellent record. This man's statement is an example of a(n):
Select one:
A. delusion
B. fundamental attribution bias
C. illusory correlation
D. self-fulfilling prophesy

Answer 14

C

Question 15

Question ID #1291: You are trying to recall the facts surrounding a mugging you recently witnessed. According to the notion of state dependence, your recall of these facts will be best if you are in the same \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ when you recall the crime as you were at the time you witnessed it.
Select one:
A. attitudinal state.
B. physical environment.  
C. emotional state.
D. state of alertness.

Answer 15

C

Question 16

Question ID #1289: An actress portrays a philanthropist in a TV series. In each show, she performs an act of kindness toward a downtrodden individual or group. The actress receives a great deal of mail from fans who tell her what a fantastic person she is because she is so willing to share her time and wealth with others who are in need. The response of the actress's fans illustrates which of the following.
Select one:
A. the ultimate attribution error  
B. the fundamental attribution bias
C. the self-serving bias
D. the selectivity bias

Answer 16

B

Question 17

Question ID #1304: Positive and negative life events are likely to have which of the following types of effect on a person’s sense of satisfaction and well-being?
Select one:
A. neither short-term nor long-term effects
B. short-term but not long-term effects
C. long-term but not short-term effects
D. both short-term and long-term effects

Answer 17

B

Question 18

Question ID #1257: A person making a “fundamental attribution error” would:
Select one:
A. overestimate the impact of the situation and underestimate dispositional factors in interpreting the behavior of others.
B. overrestimate the impact of the situation and underestimate dispositional factors in interpreting one’s own behavior.
C. overestimate the impact of the situation and underestimate dispositional factors in interpreting one’s own failures and underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate dispositional factors in interpreting one’s own successes.
D. underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate dispositional factors in interpreting the behavior of others.

Answer 18

D

Question 19

Question ID #1254: To enhance a work team’s creative problem-solving using brainstorming, you would recommend that:
Select one:
A. team members communicate their ideas directly to one another during team meetings that have a clear time limit.
B. each team member communicate his/her ideas to the team leader who then chooses the best ideas to discuss with the team.
C. team members work individually to come up with creative solutions and then present their ideas to each other and the leader.
D. team members appoint a leader to come up with solutions and then vote on the best one.

Answer 19

C

Question 20

Question ID #1259: Which of the following is most true about the results of research investigating the effects of television viewing on children?
Select one:
A. TV violence does not cause or contribute to aggression in children.
B. Preschool children cannot discriminate between commercials and TV shows.
C. Lower SES children watch more television as compared to higher SES children.
D. Television models are ineffective in altering children’s prosocial behavior.

Answer 20

C

Question 21

Question ID #1258: Xandria’s idea on how to solve a problem is at odds with how members of her team want to proceed. Research on minority influence suggests that Xandria will be most successful in convincing her fellow team members to see things her way if she:
Select one:
A. first agrees with their position and than gradually introduces her solution.
B. introduces her solution and then firmly sticks to it.
C. uses ingratiation to win the group leader over to her side.
D. cashes in her “idiosyncracy credits.”

Answer 21

B

Question 22

Question ID #1308: The variable most directly associated with a need for personal space is
Select one:
A. education.
B. sex.  
C. income.
D. cultural background.

Answer 22

D

Question 23

Question ID #1279: If you hear arguments against your opinion, followed by arguments against the opposing opinion, what is likely to happen?
Select one:
A. You will become very confused.
B. You will become more dogmatic in your original opinion.
C. You will change your opinion.
D. Your resistance to future opposing arguments will be increased.

Answer 23

D

Question 24

Question ID #1288: Jane describes her friend Mike to her other friend Mary, as "intelligent, hard-working, stubborn, and critical." A week later Mary is most likely to remember Mike as:
Select one:
A. intelligent
B. hard-working
C. stubborn  
D. critical

Answer 24

A

Question 25

Question ID #1265: A high achiever would most likely attribute failures to
Select one:
A. internal, unstable, and controllable factors.
B. internal, stable, and uncontrollable factors.
C. external, stable, and controllable factors.
D. external, unstable, and uncontrollable factors.

Answer 25

A

Question 26

Question ID #1251: Previous research indicated that individuals with "Type A personalities" had an increased risk for coronary heart disease. However, subsequent research has found that only certain aspects of this personality type are predictive of heart disease. One of the most predictive personality traits for heart disease is:
Select one:
A. worry
B. hostility
C. competitiveness  
D. impatience

Answer 26

B

Question 27

Question ID #1252: Research on the approach-avoidance conflict has found that:
Select one:
A. the negative and positive qualities of the goal continue to become increasingly similar in strength the closer you get to the goal.
B. the closer you get to the goal, the stronger the negative qualities of the goal and the weaker the positive qualities.
C. the closer you get to the goal, the weaker the negative qualities of the goal and the stronger the positive qualities.
D. the strength of the negative and positive qualities of the goal continue to increase the closer you get to the goal, but the strength of the negative qualities increases more.

Answer 27

D

Question 28

Question ID #1271: The term “group polarization” refers to the tendency of groups to make decisions that are
Select one:
A. more risky than those that might be made by individual members.
B. more conservative than those that might be made by individual members.
C. more risky or more conservative than those that might be made by individual members.
D. more illogical than those that might be made by individual members.

Answer 28

C

Question 29

Question ID #1302: Research on group performance has examined the effects of the heterogeneity of group members in terms of personality, gender, experience, and so on. Overall, these studies have found that heterogeneity is
Select one:
A. positively related to creativity and decision-making effectiveness.
B. positively related to creativity but negatively related to decision-making effectiveness.
C. negatively related to creativity but positively related to decision-making effectiveness.
D. negatively related to creativity and decision-making effectiveness.

Answer 29

A

Question 30

Question ID #1284: A tour guide is likely to get the smallest tip from a tour group when the group is large and the tourists contribute to a group tip. This is predicted by:
Select one:
A. social inhibition theory  
B. social comparison theory
C. social loafing theory
D. social exchange theory

Answer 30

C

Question 31

Question ID #1253: In the 1930s, a researcher named Chen found that ants removed more balls of dirt while building tunnels when they were working with one or two other ants than when they were working alone. Subsequent research on this "social facilitation" effect suggests that it is related to:
Select one:
A. increased arousal.
B. imitation.
C. competitiveness.  
D. group norms.

Answer 31

A