Diagnosis and Psychopathology

Question 1

Question ID #7092: The prevalence rate for autism and autism spectrum disorders in epidemiological studies since 2000 indicate a convergence in the range of:
Select one:
A. 60/10,000
B. 27.5/10,000
C. 10/10,000
D. 4/10,000

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Question ID #7133: Which of the following smoking cessation treatments is least effective for long-term abstinence?
Select one:
A. hypnosis
B. acupuncture
C. aversive techniques
D. nicotine replacement

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Question ID #7020: Abrupt cessation of chronic alcohol use typically results in which of the following symptoms?
Select one:
A. depression, lethargy, and hypersomnia
B. irritability, decreased heart rate, and increased appetite
C. nausea, diarrhea, and fever
D. autonomic hyperactivity, insomnia, and nausea

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Question ID #7166: The cause of anxiety is often
Select one:
A. misunderstood fear.
B. flat affect.
C. anger turned inward.
D. depression.

Answer 4

A

Question 5

Question ID #7131: A number of books in the popular press have been written regarding the relationship between psychological factors and cancer. Which of the following statements best reflects the outcome of scientific studies of this issue?
Select one:
A. Psychological factors are related both to the onset of cancer and the success of recovery from it.
B. Psychological factors are related to the onset of cancer but not to the success of recovery from it.
C. Psychological factors are not related to the onset of cancer but are related to the success of recovery from it.
D. Psychological factors are related to neither the onset of cancer nor the success of recovery from it.

Answer 5

C

Question 6

Question ID #7077: Which of the following is the term for a condition that sometimes affects people with narcolepsy, is characterized by sudden attacks of muscle weakness and loss of muscle tone, and is usually triggered by strong emotion?
Select one:
A. transient ischemic attack
B. priapism
C. cataplexy
D. catatonia

Answer 6

C

Question 7

Question ID #7093: Recent research on HIV infection has examined the role of psychosocial risk factors on disease progression and prognosis. The results of studies involving infected adults has most consistently found:
Select one:
A. lower intellectual functioning and younger age are related to a more rapid progression
B. higher intellectual functioning and older age are related to a more rapid progression
C. somatic symptoms of depression and younger age are related to a more rapid progression
D. somatic symptoms of depression and older age are related to a more rapid progression

Answer 7

D

Question 8

Question ID #7151: The incidence of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder begins to differ for males and females at which age:
Select one:
A. 3 years
B. 6 years
C. 12 years
D. 18 years

Answer 8

B

Question 9

Question ID #7080: Michael has a high-pressure legal career that involves frequent altercations with opposing counsel and ongoing stress. He commonly reacts to the stress of anger by clenching his teeth and generally tensing up. His therapist suggests biofeedback and would most likely recommend which type of biofeedback?
Select one:
A. EDR
B. EEG
C. EMG
D. HRV

Answer 9

C

Question 10

Question ID #7121: When applied to substance dependence, the specifier “early full remission” means that the client has been without any symptoms of substance abuse or dependence:
Select one:
A. for at least six months but less than one year
B. for at least three months but less than one year
C. for at least two weeks but less than one year
D. for at least one year

Answer 10

B

Question 11

Question ID #61: Research comparing patients with schizophrenia from non-Western developing countries to those from Western industrialized countries has found that they differ in terms of:
Select one:
A. symptoms
B. age and gender
C. gender and prognosis
D. course and outcome

Answer 11

D

Question 12

Question ID #7138: Although Jasper has worked for the same company for nearly 15 years, he has no friends at work and never eats lunch or takes breaks with his coworkers. Jasper hasn't been to a party for eight years. He says he'd like to go to parties but he feels no one will want to talk with him and that people will make fun of him. He also says that he often feels lonely. The best diagnosis is
Select one:
A. Schizoid Personality Disorder.
B. Paranoid Personality Disorder.
C. Avoidant Personality Disorder.
D. Schizotypal Personality Disorder.

Answer 12

C

Question 13

Question ID #7107: Individuals with Tourette’s Disorder frequently suffer from a learning disorder in school. The most likely cause is:
Select one:
A. expressive language disorder
B. attentional and hyperactivity problems
C. social problems
D. environmental stressors

Answer 13

B

Question 14

Question ID #7141: The research has shown that, in the treatment of nicotine dependence, adding a behavioral intervention to nicotine replacement therapy
Select one:
A. has little or no effect in terms of either short- or long-term abstinence.
B. has little additional effect in terms of short-term abstinence but does improve long-term abstinence.
C. has some additional effect in terms of short-term abstinence but doesn’t improve long-term abstinence.
D. has a substantial effect on both short- and long-term abstinence.

Answer 14

B

Question 15

Question ID #7120: In schizophrenia, haldol is used primarily to treat:
Select one:
A. negative symptoms
B. apathy
C. psychotic symptoms
D. blunted affect

Answer 15

C

Question 16

Question ID #7136: Approximately what percent of women experience full-blown postpartum (clinical) depression?
Select one:
A. 1 to 5%.
B. 10 to 20%.
C. 20 to 30%.
D. 30 to 40%.

Answer 16

B

Question 17

Question ID #7116: Which of the following symptoms will be most quickly eliminated by antipsychotic medication?
Select one:
A. delusions
B. alogia
C. avolition
D. affective flattening

Answer 17

A

Question 18

Question ID #7063: Orientation is most frequently measured by which of the following scales?
Select one:
A. Global Orientation and Amnesia Test
B. Gross Orientation and Awareness Test
C. Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test
D. Gollingberg Orientation and Awareness Test

Answer 18

C

Question 19

Question ID #7105: The behavior therapy technique for reducing arousal to inappropriate stimuli by first masturbating to orgasm while imagining appropriate stimuli and then continuing to masturbate while fantasizing about paraphilic images after orgasm is called:
Select one:
A. Orgasmic Reconditioning
B. Satiation Therapy
C. Systematic Desensitization
D. Aversive Conditioning

Answer 19

B

Question 20

Question ID #7065: A psychologist asks a series of questions to determine whether the client has been experiencing vegetative symptoms when assessing a client who reports feeling depressed. Which of the following are vegetative symptoms?
Select one:
A. psychomotor retardation, appetite changes, social withdrawal
B. sleep difficulties, appetite changes, psychomotor retardation
C. social withdrawal, loss of concentration, reduced energy level
D. confusion, psychomotor agitation, sleep difficulties

Answer 20

B

Question 21

Question ID #60: Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome involves the processes termed:
Select one:
A. alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
B. anticipation, defensiveness, exhaustion.
C. alarm, stimulation, resistance.
D. attention, accommodation, adaptation

Answer 21

A

Question 22

Question ID #7180: With regard to interventions for cigarette smoking, the studies have shown that
Select one:
A. psychosocial interventions that emphasize behavioral techniques are superior to pharmacological approaches and adding pharmacological treatments to psychosocial interventions does not improve outcomes.
B. pharmacological approaches that include nicotine replacement therapy are superior to psychosocial interventions and adding psychosocial interventions to a pharmacological treatment does not improve outcomes.
C. combining a psychosocial intervention (especially a behavioral treatment) with a pharmacological approach (especially nicotine replacement therapy) is more effective than either technique alone, especially in terms of long-term effects.
D. combining a psychosocial intervention (especially a behavioral treatment) with a pharmacological approach (especially nicotine replacement therapy) is more effective than either technique alone in terms of short-term effects only.

Answer 22

C

Question 23

Question ID #7034: Research on psychosocial treatments for smoking cessation have provided the most support for the use of which of the following types of interventions?
Select one:
A. group therapy.
B. behavioral.
C. hypnosis.
D. acupuncture.

Answer 23

B

Question 24

Question ID #7084: A 38 year-old woman is dependent on the prescription pain medications oxycodone and hydrocodone. She is referred to a physician's office for medication-assisted treatment of her opioid addiction. Which of the following is most likely to be administered in the induction phase of treatment?
Select one:
A. methadone
B. buprenorphine
C. naltrexone
D. LAAM (l-alpha-acetyl-methadol)

Answer 24

B

Question 25

Question ID #7150: Which of the following is NOT true regarding patients with Parkinson’s Disease?
Select one:
A. Forty percent have comorbid depression.
B. There is little correlation between their depression and the extent of motor impairment, age, or duration of PD symptoms.
C. They have elevated levels of dopamine.
D. Depression precedes the onset of Parkinson’s symptoms in about 20% of patients.

Answer 25

C

Question 26

Question ID #7179: Reactive Attachment Disorder, Inhibited Type involves
Select one:
A. indiscriminate attachments.
B. hypervigilance.
C. over-attachment to a primary caretaker and fear of others.
D. symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in children.

Answer 26

B

Question 27

Question ID #7091: Untreated diabetes mellitus can result in which of the following symptoms?
Select one:
A. increased appetite with weight loss, confusion, mental dullness, and apathy
B. emotional lability, memory loss, depression, obesity
C. accelerated heart rate, agitation, nervousness, fatigue, insomnia
D. slowed heart rate, depression, lethargy, impaired concentration and memory

Answer 27

A

Question 28

Question ID #7195: Anxiety and depression share which of the following symptoms?
Select one:
A. anhedonia
B. somatic arousal
C. obsessive thoughts
D. negative affect

Answer 28

D

Question 29

Question ID #7167: Narcissistic, Borderline, and Histrionic Personality Disorders share in common which of the following characteristics?
Select one:
A. irresponsibility and impulsivity
B. affective instability
C. recurrent suicidal threats
D. a grandiose sense of self

Answer 29

B

Question 30

Question ID #7097: Research utilizing functional brain imaging techniques has shown a biological basis for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and has linked it to abnormalities in the following brain structures:
Select one:
A. parietal lobe, hypothalamus, and corpus callosum
B. parietal lobe, striatum, and amygdala
C. frontal lobe, thalamus, and amygdala
D. frontal lobe, striatum, and cerebellum

Answer 30

D

Question 31

Question ID #7044: Research on the genetic contribution to major depression indicates the risk for depression for biological offspring is:
Select one:
A. essentially the same whether they have one or two parents with depression.
B. higher if they have one parent with depression than if they have two parents with depression.
C. higher if they have two parents with depression than if they have only one parent with depression.
D. higher if they have a mother with depression than if they have a father with depression.

Answer 31

A

Question 32

Question ID #7036: Of the following, which is considered the most common second-line medication for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
Select one:
A. anticonvulsants
B. antidepressants
C. anxiolytics
D. neuroleptics

Answer 32

B

Question 33

Question ID #7178: During a grand mal seizure, the clonic phase involves
Select one:
A. minor abrupt movements of the eyelids, facial muscles, and arms.
B. violent rhythmic contractions of the extremities.
C. extension of the extremities.
D. nonrhythmic jerks of the head, limbs, and trunk.

Answer 33

B

Question 34

Question ID #7161: A high level of expressed emotion by family members has been found to be predictive of relapse for which of the following disorders?
Select one:
A. schizophrenia
B. eating disorders
C. mood disorders
D. all of the above

Answer 34

D

Question 35

Question ID #7114: Individuals with Major Depressive Disorders who experience abnormalities in the sleep cycle may have any of the following sleep disturbances EXCEPT:
Select one:
A. early morning awakening
B. sleep continuity decrease
C. REM latency decrease
D. slow-wave sleep increase

Answer 35

D

Question 36

Question ID #7111: Briquet's syndrome is also known as a:
Select one:
A. Conversion Disorder
B. Somatization Disorder
C. Body Dysmorphic Disorder
D. Hypochondriasis

Answer 36

B

Question 37

Question ID #7191: A person with Somatization Disorder is most likely to also have which of the following diagnoses:
Select one:
A. a Substance Abuse Disorder
B. a Personality Disorder
C. Schizophrenia
D. Panic Disorder

Answer 37

B

Question 38

Question ID #7009: Which of the following best describes the results of studies investigating the role of psychosocial stressors in the course of Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent?
Select one:
A. psychosocial stressors typically play a more significant role in triggering the first or second episodes than subsequent episodes.
B. psychosocial stressors typically play a more significant role in triggering episodes late in the course of the disorder than the first two episodes.
C. psychosocial stressors play a similar role in triggering episodes early and late in the course of the disorder.
D. psychosocial stressors do not play a role in the disorder since, by definition, Major Depressive Disorder is not triggered by external events.

Answer 38

A

Question 39

Question ID #7187: The second stage of Alzheimer’s Dementia is characterized by:
Select one:
A. loss of implicit memory
B. loss of short-term memory
C. inability to perform complex tasks
D. inability to recognize family or friends

Answer 39

C

Question 40

Question ID #7054: Which of the following parasomnias usually affects middle-aged or elderly individuals?
Select one:
A. night terrors
B. sleep talking
C. sleep walking
D. REM sleep behavior disorder

Answer 40

D

Question 41

Question ID #7028: The most serious potential medical side effect of Bulimia Nervosa is
Select one:
A. dehydration.
B. electrolyte imbalance.
C. fatigue.
D. malnutrition.

Answer 41

B

Question 42

Question ID #7064: Echolalia is not a common symptom of:
Select one:
A. Autism
B. Schizophrenia
C. Tourette's Syndrome
D. ADHD

Answer 42

D

Question 43

Question ID #7055: Women diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder likely have similar symptoms to men diagnosed with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
A. Antisocial Personality Disorder
B. Avoidant Personality Disorder
C. Narcissistic Personality Disorder
D. Histrionic Personality Disorder

Answer 43

A

Question 44

Question ID #7101: Recent research indicates the most effective treatment for antisocial behavior in juvenile offenders is:
Select one:
A. behavioral-reinforcement
B. structured family intervention with parental training
C. multi-systemic therapy
D. victims family therapy

Answer 44

C

Question 45

Question ID #7098: Individuals with the diagnosis of Seasonal Affect Disorder are most likely to respond to light if they experience:
Select one:
A. atypical symptoms such as carbohydrate craving and hypersomnia
B. melancholic symptoms such as insomnia and weight loss
C. incomplete summer remission
D. more chronic forms of depression

Answer 45

A

Question 46

Question ID #7113: Which of the following is not characteristic of Nicotine Withdrawal?
Select one:
A. hypersomnia
B. weight gain/increased appetite
C. decreased heart rate
D. depressed or dysphoric mood

Answer 46

A

Question 47

Question ID #7193: For women in general, the typical pattern of depression and dysfunctional physical symptoms accompanying a menstrual cycle is that:
Select one:
A. there is no typical pattern.
B. the symptoms occur shortly before and terminate shortly after the onset of menses.
C. the symptoms occur shortly after the onset of menses.
D. the symptoms occur and terminate shortly before the onset of menses.

Answer 47

A

Question 48

Question ID #7056: Synesthesia is most readily thought of as a/an:
Select one:
A. physiological occurrence.
B. manifestation of psychoses.
C. learned occurrence.
D. expression of imagination.

Answer 48

A

Question 49

Question ID #7189: Illnesses, such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, which have an unknown cause are said to be:
Select one:
A. idiopathic
B. allopathic
C. autoplastic
D. homeopathic

Answer 49

A

Question 50

Question ID #7062: Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) refers to the impaired orientation or amnesia following a traumatic brain injury. The duration of PTA is considered to be:
Select one:
A. related to outcome only for children.
B. unrelated to outcome.
C. a poor predictor of outcome.
D. a good predictor of outcome

Answer 50

D

Question 51

Question ID #7021: Of the following, which is most likely to cause rapid and abrupt changes in cognitive functioning?
Select one:
A. Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type
B. AIDS Dementia Complex
C. Vascular Dementia
D. Korsakoff's syndrome

Answer 51

C

Question 52

Question ID #7154: Medical treatment regimens for chronic illness most often results in:
Select one:
A. greater compliance for children as compared to adolescents
B. greater compliance for adolescents as compared to children
C. equal compliance for children and adolescents
D. greater compliance for girls and adolescent females as compared to boys and adolescent males

Answer 52

A

Question 53

Question ID #7079: Studies of cognitive-behavioral therapy for rheumatoid arthritis indicate:
Select one:
A. pain intensity and joint inflammation is reduced however there is little or no effect on psychological functioning
B. pain intensity and joint inflammation is reduced and, in some cases, there is a positive effect on psychological functioning
C. psychological functioning is improved however there is little or no effect on joint inflammation or pain intensity
D. psychological functioning is improved and, in some cases, there is a positive effect on joint inflammation and pain intensity

Answer 53

D

Question 54

Question ID #7185: Behavioral treatments for depression focus on increasing pleasurable activities and/or
Select one:
A. flooding.
B. social skills training.
C. overcorrection.
D. self-instructional training.

Answer 54

B

Question 55

Question ID #7156: What percentage of children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder continue to exhibit signs of the disorder in adulthood?
Select one:
A. 5
B. 10
C. 25
D. 50

Answer 55

D

Question 56

Question ID #7068: An individual with social or specific phobia is most likely to have which type of panic attack?
Select one:
A. situationally bound
B. situationally predisposed
C. unexpected
D. uncued

Answer 56

A

Question 57

Question ID #59: Research suggests that the best single treatment for Agoraphobia is:
Select one:
A. implosive therapy.
B. flooding.
C. systematic desensitization.
D. psychotropic medication.

Answer 57

B

Question 58

Question ID #7029: Autistic children tend to do as well as or better than other children the same age on tests of
Select one:
A. abstract problem solving.
B. facial recognition.
C. response speed.
D. field independent processing.

Answer 58

D