SOCIAL PSY Flashcards
scientific attempt to explain how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other human beings
social psychology (Fiske, 2014)
______ are important for survival
groups (House et al., 1998)
having some ___ ____ is about the only objective factor found to correlate with subjective well being
social ties (Baumeister, 1991)
problems in ______ _____ predict poor health
close relationships (Stansfield et al., 1998)
People with poor ____ _____ are more likely to kill themselves
social networks (Berkman et al., 2000)
People who feel socially excluded are more to to -
substance use
aggression
eating disorder
(SAE)
people’s self esteem depends on their assessment of their degree of personal acceptance by others
Sociomotor hypothesis (Leary et al., 1995)
Personal exclusion from social groups correlates with ____ and _______.
anxiety ; depression (Baumeister, 1990)
any changes in beliefs, attitudes, or behavior that results from interpersonal interaction
social influence
______ influence - trying to get to objective reality - develop a shared understanding
informational
_____ influence - trying to elicit the approval from others - gaining social rewards and avoiding social punishment
going along to get along
normative influence (Turner, 1995)
As of 19__, ____ studies has used Asch’s paradigm
average participant conforms __ % of the time
94
94
29%
in Asch’s study, under usual circumstances, individuals made mistakes __% of the time
under group pressure - __% of the time
1%
37%
people’s perceptions of what behaviors are approved or disapproved of by others
what ought to be / morality
motivation is sanction avoidance
injunctive norms
perceptions of how people actually behave
what is
motivates action by informing people of what is generally seen as effective or adaptive
descriptive norm
positive or negative judgment of an attitude object
attitude
sheer frequency of encountering an initially neutral or positive stimulus, enhances evaluations of it
mere exposure (Zajonc, 1968)
Exposure - Attention - Comprehension
McGuire’s (1969) information processing stages
persuasion sometimes operates by simple and effortless shortcuts
people w/ limited time or knowledge have reduced capacity for thoughtful processing
reliance on heuristics
- length = strength
- consensus = correct
- experts can be trusted
Heuristic - Systematic Model (Chaiken, 1980)
Dual Process Persuasion Model
peripheral - includes heuristics and other shortcuts
central - processing of message info.
various persuasion variables (source, message, content, recipient) act to increase or decrease the likelihood of thinking about some form of persuasive communication
Elaboration Likelihood Model (Petty, 1981)
route of attitude change - person’s diligent consideration of information he/she feels is central to the true merits of a particular situation
central route of persuasion (Petty, 1983)
route of attitude change - making a simple inference - associated w/ positive or negative cue
peripheral route of persuasion (Petty, 1983)
process by which people explain why someone did something - focus on how people infer causality
dispositional or situational
Heider (1958) attribution theory
focused on motivation part of Heider’s theory - how people decide that an action reflects an intention
socially desirable - reveals little about disposition
focus on extraordinary dispositions - what set people apart
- accounts for the degree to which 1 behavior or choice reflects disposition
focus on consequence of one behavior - socially desirable - unique
Jones (1965) correspondent inference theory
