social processes, attitudes, and behavior

Question 1

social facilitation

Answer 1

tendency of people to perform at a different level based on fact that others are around

Question 2

deindividuation

Answer 2

loss of self-awareness in large groups, which can lead to drastic changes in behavior

Question 3

bystander effect

Answer 3

describes observation that when in a group, individuals are less likely to respond to someone in need

Question 4

peer pressure

Answer 4

social influence placed on individuals by others they consider equals

Question 5

group polarization

Answer 5

tendency toward making decisions in a group that are more extreme then the thoughts of the individual group members

Question 6

groupthink

Answer 6

tendency for groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise within the group without considering outside ideas. ethics may be disturbed as pressure is created to conform and remain loyal to the group.

Question 7

culture

Answer 7

beliefs, ideas, behaviors, actions, characteristics of a group or society of people

Question 8

assimilation

Answer 8

process by which a group or individual’s culture begins to melt into another culture

Question 9

multiculturalism

Answer 9

encouragement of multiple cultures within a community to enhance diversity

Question 10

subcultures

Answer 10

group of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong

Question 11

socialization

Answer 11

process of developing and spreading norms, customs, and beliefs

Question 12

norms

Answer 12

determine boundaries of acceptable behavior within society

Question 13

agents of socialization

Answer 13

family, peers, school, religious affiliation, other groups that promote socialization

Question 14

stigma

Answer 14

extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society

Question 15

deviance

Answer 15

any violation of norms, rules, or expectations within a society

Question 16

conformity

Answer 16

changing beliefs or behaviors in order to fit into a group or society

Question 17

compliance

Answer 17

when individuals change their behavior based on requests of others. methods of gaining compliance include foot-in-the door technique, door-in-the-face technique, lowball technique, and that’s-not-all technique, among others

Question 18

obedience

Answer 18

change in behavior based on command from someone seen as authority figure

Question 19

attitudes

Answer 19

tendencies toward expression of positive or negative feelings or evaluations of something

Question 20

components to attitudes

Answer 20

affective, behavioral, cognitive

Question 21

functional attitudes theory

Answer 21

there are four functional areas of attitudes that serve individuals in life: knowledge, ego expression, adaptability, and ego defense

Question 22

learning theory

Answer 22

attitudes are developed through forms of learning: direct contact, direct interaction, direct instruction, conditioning

Question 23

elaboration likelihood model

Answer 23

attitudes are formed and changed through different routes of information processing based on the degree of elaboration (central route processing, peripheral route processing)

Question 24

social cognitive theory

Answer 24

attitudes are formed through observation of behavior, personal factors, and environment

Question 25

social facilitation

Answer 25

tendency of people to perform at a different level based on fact that others are around

Question 26

deindividualism

Answer 26

idea that people will lose a sense of self-awareness

Question 27

bystander effect

Answer 27

describes observation that individuals are less likely to respond to a person in need when in a group

Question 28

social loafing

Answer 28

refers to decrease in effort seen when individuals are in a group

Question 29

peer pressure

Answer 29

refers to social influence placed on individuals by others they consider their equals

Question 30

what is similar between group polarization and groupthink?

Answer 30

both social processes that occur when groups make decisions

Question 31

what are differences between assimilation and multiculturalism?

Answer 31

by assimilation, multiple cultures merge into one, typically with unequal blending of ideas and beliefs. multiculturalism refers to idea that multiple cultures should be encouraged and respected without one culture becoming dominant overall.

Question 32

what is the difference between primary and secondary socialization?

Answer 32

primary = initial learning of acceptable behaviors and societal norms during childhood, which is facilitated mostly by parents and other trusted adults. secondary socialization refers to learning the norms of specific subgroups or situations during adolescence and adulthood.

Question 33

conformity

Answer 33

changing beliefs or behaviors in order to fit into a group or society.

Question 34

compliance

Answer 34

individuals change their behavior based on request of others who do not wield authority

Question 35

obedience

Answer 35

change in behavior because of a request from an authority figure

Question 36

foot-in-the-door

Answer 36

asking for favors that increase in size with each subsequent request

Question 37

door-in-the-face

Answer 37

making large request and then, if refused, making smaller request

Question 38

lowball

Answer 38

gaining compliance without revealing the full cost of the favor

Question 39

that’s-not-all

Answer 39

increasing reward for request before individual has chance to make decision

Question 40

what are the three components of attitude?

Answer 40

affective, behavioral, cognitive

Question 41

what are the four functional areas of the functional attitudes theory?

Answer 41

knowledge, ego, expression, adaptation, ego defense

Question 42

what are the routes of processing used to explain the elaboration likelihood model? Which is associated with high elaboration?

Answer 42

central route processing and peripheral route processing. central route processing is assoc with high elaboration

Question 43

what are the three interactive factors of Bandura’s triadic reciprocal causation?

Answer 43

behavior, personal factors, environment