Motivation, Emotion, and Stress Flashcards
extrinsic motivation
external circumstances
intrinsic motivation
internal drive and/or perception
arousal theory
actions performed to keep arousal at optimal level
arousal
state of being awake and reactive to stimuli
Yerkes-Dodson law
performance is optimal at medium level of arousal
drive reduction theory
motivation arises from desire to eliminate drives. drives create uncomfortable internal states
secondary drives
stem from learning, include accomplishment and emotion
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
physiological, safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization
self-determination theory
three universal needs: autonomy, competence, relatedness
incentive theory
motivation comes from desire for reward, not punishment
expectancy-value theory
amount of motivation for a task is based on individual’s expectation of success and the amount that success is valued
opponent-process theory
as drug use increases, body counteracts its effects, leading to tolerance and uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms
three components of emotion
cognitive/subjective, behavioral/facial expressions and body language, physiological/changes in autonomic nervous system
seven universal emotions
happiness, sadness, contempt, surprise, fear, disgust, anger
theories of emotion
James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schacter-Singer
James-Lange theory
I must be angry because my heart rate is up
Cannon-Bard theory
tachycardic + seeing snake = running
Schachter-Singer theory
I am excited because my heart rate is up AND EVERYONE AROUND ME LOOKS HAPPY
limbic system
primary component of nervous system involved in emotion
amygdala
attention and fear. interpretation of facial expressions. controls implicit memory system.
thalamus
LS sensory processing station
hypothalamus
LS releases NT that affect mood and arousal
hippocampus
LS: long-term memories, primary controller of explicit memory system
prefrontal cortex
LS planning, expressing personality, making decisions
ventral prefrontal cortex
LS critical for experiencing emotion
ventromedial prefrontal cortex
LS decision-making and control of emotional responses from the amygdala
limbic system includes
HAT HPV; hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, ventral prefrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus
physiological and cognitive responses to challenges or life changes
stress
stages of stress
primary and secondary appraisal
primary appraisal
classifying potential stressor as irrelevant, benign-positive, stressful
secondary appraisal
evaluating if the organism can cope with stress. based on harm, threat, challenge.
stressors lead to
distress or eustress
general adaptation syndrome
fight or flight. three stages: alarm, resistance, and if it goes too long, exhaustion
cortisol pathway
hypothal releases CRF to anterior pit. anterior pit releases ACTH to adrenal cortex. adrenal cortex releases cortisol.
cortisol negative feedback
anterior pit, reducing ACTH, and hypothal, reducing CRF