deck_4940796-3 Flashcards

1
Q

brain encodes, stores, and retrieves info much like a computer

A

information processing model

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2
Q

SPcFsensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

A

piaget’s stages of cognitive development

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3
Q

Focuses on manipulating environment to meet physical needs through circular reactions.Object permanence ends this stage.

A

sensorimotor stage

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4
Q

symbolic thinking, egocentrism, centration

A

preoperational stage

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5
Q

understanding feelings of others and manipulating physical i.e. concrete objects

A

concrete operational stage

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6
Q

focuses on abstract thought and problem-solving

A

formal operational stage

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7
Q

pattern of approach for a given problem

A

mental set

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8
Q

tendency to use objects only in the way they are normally utilized. may create barriers to problem-solving.

A

functional fixedness

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9
Q

deriving conclusions from general rules

A

deductive reasoning

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10
Q

deriving generalizations from evidence

A

inductive reasoning

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11
Q

shortcuts or rules of thumb used to make decisions

A

heuristics

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12
Q

experimenter or decision-maker is unable to objectively evaluate information

A

biases

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13
Q

“gut feeling,” which can often be attributed to experience with similar situations

A

intuition

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14
Q

multiple intelligences

A

Gardener’s theory

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15
Q

I’m Bill V. interpersonalmusicalbodily-kinestheticintrapersonallinguisticlogical-mathematical visual-spatial

A

the 7 intelligences

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16
Q

alertness, sleep, dreaming, altered

A

states of consciousness

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17
Q

awake, able to think, perceive, process, and express information.

A

altertness

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18
Q

beta and alpha

A

waves which predominate on EEG during alertness

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19
Q

theta waves

A

EEG during stage 1 sleep

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20
Q

includes theta, sleep spindles, and K complexes

A

stage 2 sleep EEG

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21
Q

slow-wave SWS sleep

A

stage 3 and 4 sleep also called

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22
Q

delta

A

waves which predominate on EEG during stages 3 and 4 of sleep

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23
Q

consolidating declarative memories

A

dreaming in SWS focuses on

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24
Q

dreaming focus on consolidating procedural memories

A

REM dream focus

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25
Q

body is paralyzed, rapid eye movements; appears close ot awake on EEG

A

REM

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26
Q

90 minutes

A

sleep cycle duration

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27
Q

1-2-3-4-3-2-REM or just 1-2-3-4-REM, with REM more frequent toward morning

A

sleep cycle

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28
Q

pineal gland

A

releases melatonin

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29
Q

sleepy

A

melatonin makes you

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30
Q

cortisol, promoting wakefulness

A

hormone which increases in the morning

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31
Q

stages 3&4 NREM

A

most sleep disorders occur during

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32
Q

REM

A

most dreaming occurs during

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33
Q

insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, sleep deprivation

A

examples of dyssomnia

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34
Q

night terrors, sleepwalking (somnambulism)

A

examples of parasomnias

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35
Q

appear in control of normal faculties, but in highly suggestible state

A

hypnosis

36
Q

DOSH: depressants, opiates/opioids, stimulants, hallucinogens. And weed.

A

consciousness-altering drugs

37
Q

promote or mimic GABA activity in brain

A

what depressants do

38
Q

alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines

A

examples of depressants

39
Q

increase dopamine, norepi, and serotonin conc at synaptic cleft

A

what stimulants do

40
Q

amphetamines, cocaine, ectasy

A

examples of stimulants

41
Q

death by respiratory depression

A

risk of opiates/opoids

42
Q

heroin, morphine, opium, oxycodone, hydrocodone

A

examples of opiates

43
Q

LSD, peyote, mescaline, ketamine, mushrooms with psilocybin

A

examples of hallucinogens

44
Q

tetrahydrocannabinol

A

active ingredient of weed

45
Q

a depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogen

A

weed is

46
Q

mesolimbic pathway

A

drug addiction is mediated by the

47
Q

nucleus accumbens, medial forebrain bundle, ventral tegmental area

A

mesolimbic pathway

48
Q

dopamine

A

main NT of mesolimbic pathway

49
Q

pay attention to one thing, still keep eye out for anything else

A

selective attention

50
Q

automatic processing to pay attention to multiple activities at one time

A

divided attention

51
Q

phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax, pragmatics

A

language consists of

52
Q

actual sound of speech

A

phonology

53
Q

building blocks of words such as -s and -ed in English

A

morphology

54
Q

meaning of words

A

semantics

55
Q

rules dictating word order

A

syntax

56
Q

change in language delivery depending on context

A

pragmatics

57
Q

nativist/biological, learning/behaviorist, social interactionist

A

theories of language

58
Q

Chompsky: LAD, language acquisition device, critical period

A

nativist/biological theory

59
Q

operant conditioning and reinforcement by parents/caregivers

A

learning/behaviorist theory

60
Q

language acquisition by motivation to communicate with others

A

social interactionist theory

61
Q

lens for view and interpret world created by language

A

Whorfian/linguistic relativity hypothesis

62
Q

dominant

A

speech areas found in the ______ hemisphere

63
Q

left

A

dominant hemisphere usually the ____

64
Q

Broca’s area

A

motor function of speech controlled by

65
Q

generating each word requires effort

A

Broca’s aphasia

66
Q

cant talk, but speech won’t make sense. lack of comprehension, written or spoken.

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

67
Q

connects Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area

A

arcuate fasciculus

68
Q

communication disorder from damage to language-containing part of brain

A

aphasia

69
Q

damage to arcuate fasciculus

A

conduction aphasia results from

70
Q

inability to repeat words despite intact speech generation and comprehension

A

conduction aphasia marked by

71
Q

process of classifying new information into existing schemata

A

assimilation

72
Q

existing schemata modified to encompass new information

A

accommodation

73
Q

repetition of body movement that initially occurred by chance

A

primary circular reactions

74
Q

manipulation is focused on something outside the body, like throwing toys from high chair over and over

A

secondary circular reactions

75
Q

ability to pretend, play make-believe, have imagination

A

symbolic thinking

76
Q

inability to imagine what another person may think or feel

A

egocentrism

77
Q

tendency to focus on only one aspect of a phenomenon, or inability to understand conservation

A

centration

78
Q

representational thought

A

object permanence marks the beginning of

79
Q

child’s internalization of his or her culture drives cognitive development

A

Lev Vygotsky

80
Q

problem-solving skills, peaks early adulthood

A

fluid intelligence

81
Q

use of learned skills and knowledge, peaks middle adulthood

A

crystallized intelligence

82
Q

memory impairment/changes in mental status/loss of motor skills. thiamine, i.e. vitamin B1 deficiency

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

83
Q

9-12 m/o babbling, 12-18 m/o 1 word p/m, 18-20 m/o language explosion/combining words, 2-3 y/o longer sentences of 3 words or more, 5 y/o language rules largely mastered

A

language acquisition timeline

84
Q

Broca’s aphasia AKA

A

expressive aphasia AKA

85
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia AKA

A

receptive aphasia AKA