deck_4965513 Flashcards
tendency of people to perform at a different level based on fact that others are around
social facilitation
loss of self-awareness in large groups, which can lead to drastic changes in behavior
deindividuation
describes observation that when in a group, individuals are less likely to respond to someone in need
bystander effect
social influence placed on individuals by others they consider equals
peer pressure
tendency toward making decisions in a group that are more extreme then the thoughts of the individual group members
group polarization
tendency for groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise within the group without considering outside ideas. ethics may be disturbed as pressure is created to conform and remain loyal to the group.
groupthink
beliefs, ideas, behaviors, actions, characteristics of a group or society of people
culture
process by which a group or individual’s culture begins to melt into another culture
assimilation
encouragement of multiple cultures within a community to enhance diversity
multiculturalism
group of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong
subcultures
process of developing and spreading norms, customs, and beliefs
socialization
determine boundaries of acceptable behavior within society
norms
family, peers, school, religious affiliation, other groups that promote socialization
agents of socialization
extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society
stigma
any violation of norms, rules, or expectations within a society
deviance
changing beliefs or behaviors in order to fit into a group or society
conformity
when individuals change their behavior based on requests of others. methods of gaining compliance include foot-in-the door technique, door-in-the-face technique, lowball technique, and that’s-not-all technique, among others
compliance
change in behavior based on command from someone seen as authority figure
obedience
tendencies toward expression of positive or negative feelings or evaluations of something
attitudes
affective, behavioral, cognitive
components to attitudes
there are four functional areas of attitudes that serve individuals in life: knowledge, ego expression, adaptability, and ego defense
functional attitudes theory
attitudes are developed through forms of learning: direct contact, direct interaction, direct instruction, conditioning
learning theory
attitudes are formed and changed through different routes of information processing based on the degree of elaboration (central route processing, peripheral route processing)
elaboration likelihood model
attitudes are formed through observation of behavior, personal factors, and environment
social cognitive theory
tendency of people to perform at a different level based on fact that others are around
social facilitation
idea that people will lose a sense of self-awareness
deindividualism
describes observation that individuals are less likely to respond to a person in need when in a group
bystander effect
refers to decrease in effort seen when individuals are in a group
social loafing
refers to social influence placed on individuals by others they consider their equals
peer pressure
both social processes that occur when groups make decisions
what is similar between group polarization and groupthink?
by assimilation, multiple cultures merge into one, typically with unequal blending of ideas and beliefs. multiculturalism refers to idea that multiple cultures should be encouraged and respected without one culture becoming dominant overall.
what are differences between assimilation and multiculturalism?
primary = initial learning of acceptable behaviors and societal norms during childhood, which is facilitated mostly by parents and other trusted adults. secondary socialization refers to learning the norms of specific subgroups or situations during adolescence and adulthood.
what is the difference between primary and secondary socialization?
changing beliefs or behaviors in order to fit into a group or society.
conformity
individuals change their behavior based on request of others who do not wield authority
compliance
change in behavior because of a request from an authority figure
obedience
asking for favors that increase in size with each subsequent request
foot-in-the-door
making large request and then, if refused, making smaller request
door-in-the-face
gaining compliance without revealing the full cost of the favor
lowball
increasing reward for request before individual has chance to make decision
that’s-not-all
affective, behavioral, cognitive
what are the three components of attitude?
knowledge, ego, expression, adaptation, ego defense
what are the four functional areas of the functional attitudes theory?
central route processing and peripheral route processing. central route processing is assoc with high elaboration
what are the routes of processing used to explain the elaboration likelihood model? Which is associated with high elaboration?
behavior, personal factors, environment
what are the three interactive factors of Bandura’s triadic reciprocal causation?
