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behavioral sciences > deck_4965115 > Flashcards

deck_4965115 Flashcards

1
Q

takes into account only physical and medical causes of a psychological disorder

A

biomedical approach

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2
Q

considers relative contributions of bio, psychological, and social components to an individual’s disorder. Tx’s also fall into these three areas

A

biopsychosocial approach

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3
Q

used to diagnose psychological disorders. current version is DSM-5, May 2013. categorizes mental disorders based on sx patterns.

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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4
Q

yes

A

are psychological disorders such as anxiety, depressive, and substance use common?

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5
Q

prototypical disorder with psychosis as feature. + and - sxs.

A

schizophrenia

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6
Q

add something to behavior, cognition, or affect. include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior.

A

NAME?

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7
Q

loss of something from behavior, cognition, or affect. include disturbance of affect and avolition (apathy)

A

NAME?

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8
Q

include major depressive disorder and SAD

A

depressive disorders

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9
Q

contains at least one major depressive episode

A

major depressive disorder

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10
Q

dystheymia (persistent depression) for at least 2 years that does not meet criteria for major depressive disorder

A

persistent depressive disorder

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11
Q

colloquial name for major depressive disorder with seasonal onset. depression occurs during winter months.

A

seasonal affective disorder

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12
Q

manic or hypomanic episodes

A

bipolar and related disorders

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13
Q

at least one manic episode

A

bipolar I disorder

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14
Q

at least one hypomanic (less severe mania) episode and at least one major depressive episode

A

bipolar II disorder

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15
Q

contains hypomanic episodes wtih dysthymia

A

cyclothymic disorder

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16
Q

include generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobias, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, and panic disorder

A

anxiety disorders

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17
Q

disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for at least 6 months

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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18
Q

irrational fears of specific objects or situations

A

specific phobias

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19
Q

anxiety due to social or performance situations

A

social anxiety disorder

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20
Q

fear of places or situations where it is hard for an individual to escape

A

agoraphobia

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21
Q

recurrent panic attacks: intense, overwhelming fear and sympathetic nervous system activity with no clear stimulus. may lead to agoraphobia.

A

panic disorder

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22
Q

characterized by obsessions (persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses) and compulsions (repetitive tasks that relieve tension but cause sig impairment in life)

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder

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23
Q

unrealistic neg eval of one’s appearance or spec body part. individual often takes extreme measures to correct perceived imperfection

A

body dysmorphic disorder

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24
Q

intrusion sxs: reliving even, flashbacks, nightmares. avoidance sxs: avoidance of people, places, objects assoc with trauma. - cog sxs: amnesia, negative mood and emotions. arousal sxs: increased startle response, irritability, anxiety.

A

posttraumatic stress disorder

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25
Q

dissocaite amnesia, dissociate identiy disorder, depersonalization/derealization disorder

A

dissociative disorders

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26
Q

inability to recall past experience without an underlying neurological disorder. severe forms may involve dissociative fugue: sudden change in location that may involve assumption of new identity.

A

dissociative amnesia

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27
Q

occurrence of two or more personalities that take control of a person’s behavior

A

dissociative identity disorder

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28
Q

feelings of detachment from the mind and body, or from the environment

A

depersonalization/derealization disorder

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29
Q

significant bodily sxs

A

somatic sx and related disorders involve

30
Q

involves at least one somatic sx, which may or may not be linked to an underlying medical condition, that causes disproportionate concern

A

somatic sx disorder

31
Q

preoccupation with thoughts about having, or coming down with, a serious medical condition

A

illness anxiety disorder

32
Q

involves unexplained sxs affecting motor or sensory function and is assoc with prior trauma

A

conversion disorder

33
Q

inflexible, maladaptive behavior that cause distress or impaired functioning in at least 2 of the following: cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control. three clusters.

A

personality disorders ie PD

34
Q

A: odd, eccentric, “weird.” B: dramatic, emotional, erratic, “wild”, C: anxious, fearful, “worried”

A

three clusters of PD

35
Q

paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid

A

cluster A includes

36
Q

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic

A

cluster B includes

37
Q

avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive

A

cluster C includes

38
Q

pervasive distrust and suspicion of others

A

paranoid PD

39
Q

ideas of reference, magical thinking, and eccentricity

A

schizotypical PD

40
Q

detachment from social relationships and limited emotion

A

schizoid PD

41
Q

disregard for the rights of others

A

antisocial PD

42
Q

instability in relationships, mood, and self-image. splitting and recurrent suicide attempts are characteristic.

A

borderline PD

43
Q

constant attention-seeking behavior

A

histrionic PD

44
Q

grandiose sense of self-importance and need for admiration

A

narcissistic PD

45
Q

involves extreme shyness and fear of rejection

A

avoidant PD

46
Q

involves a continuous need for reassurance

A

dependent PD

47
Q

perfectionism, inflexibility, preoccupation with rules

A

obsessive-compulsive PD

48
Q

may be assoc with genetic factors, birth trauma, adolescent marijuana use, and family hx. high levels of dopaminergic tsmission.

A

biological basis of NS disorders: schizophrenia

49
Q

high levels of glucocorticoids and low levels of norepi, serotonin, dopamine

A

biological basis of NS disorders: depression

50
Q

accompanied by high levels of norepi and serotonin. highly heritable.

A

biological basis of NS disorders: bipolar disorders

51
Q

assoc w genetic factors, brain atrophy, decreases in acetylcholine, senile plagques of beta-amyloid, and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein

A

biological basis of NS disorders: alzheimer’s

52
Q

assoc with bradykinesia, resting tremor, pill-rolling tremor, masklike facies, cogwheel rigidity, shuffling gait. decreased production of dopamine by cells in substantia nigra.

A

biological basis of NS disorders: parkinson’s

53
Q

biomedical: considers only physical, pathological mechanisms that underlie mental illness. biopsychosocial: contributions of these biological factors along with psychological - thoughts, emotions, or behaviors - and social situation (environment, social class, discrimination, or stigmiatization)

A

what is the difference between the biomedical and biopsychosocial models of psychological disorders?

54
Q

the following disorders occur in greater than 2 percent of the US population per year: specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, bipolar disorder

A

name three psychological disorders with greater than 2% one-year prevalence in the US, that is affecting more than 1 in 50 people per year

55
Q

delusions, hallucinations (usually auditory), disorganized thought, disorganized behavior.

A

what are the major positive sxs of shizophrenia?

56
Q

disturbance of affect and avolition

A

what are the major negative sxs of shizophrenia?

57
Q

2-week duration of at least 5 of the following sxs: depressed mood, loss of interest ie anhedonia, sleep disturbance, feelings of guilt, lack of energy, difficulty concentrating, changes in app, psychomotor sxs, adn suicidal thoughts. at least 1 of the sxs must be depressed mood or anhedonia.

A

what are the features of a major depressive episode?

58
Q

1-week duration of at least 3 of the following sxs: elevated or expansive mood, distractibility, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, flight of ideas or racing thoughts, agitation, pressured speech, and engagement in risky behavior

A

what are the major features of a manic episode?

59
Q

at least one major depressive episode with no manic episodes.

A

with regard to depressive episodes, manic episodes, and other mood disturbances: major depressive disorder

60
Q

at least 1 manic episode with or without depressive episodes.

A

with regard to depressive episodes, manic episodes, and other mood disturbances: bipolar I disorder

61
Q

at least one hypomanic epi with at least one major depressive episode.

A

with regard to depressive episodes, manic episodes, and other mood disturbances: bipolar II disorder

62
Q

has hypomanic episodes and dysthymia that is not severe enough to be a major depressive episode

A

with regard to depressive episodes, manic episodes, and other mood disturbances: cyclothymic disorder

63
Q

persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses that produce tension

A

what are obsessions?

64
Q

repetitive tasks that relieve tension but cause sig impairment in a person’s life

A

what are compulsions?

65
Q

obsessions produce tension while compulsions relieve tension

A

how are compulsions and obsessions related in OCD?

66
Q

features: odd or eccentric. personality disorders: paranoid, schizotypical, schizoid

A

features and personality disorders of cluster A

67
Q

features: dramatic, emotional, or erratic. personality disorders: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

A

features and personality disorders of cluster B

68
Q

features: anxious or fearful. personality disorders: avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

A

features and personality disorders of cluster C

69
Q

cortisol

A

which hormones and NT conc are elevated in depression?

70
Q

norepi, serotonin, dopamine

A

which hormones are NT conc are reduced in depression?

71
Q

mutations in presenilin genes /xsomes 1 and 14/ and beta-amyloid precursor gene /xsome 21/

A

provide example of genetic factor that appears to increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease

72
Q

dopamine in schizophrenia are elevated, but reduced in parkinson’s. tx for one might cause similar sxs of the other.

A

how are dopamine levels related to schizophrenia and Parkinson’s?

behavioral sciences (9 decks)

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