Social policy's and education Flashcards
What are the different admission policies for schools?
Catchment area
Siblings
Religious beliefs
Entry test
Application
Ability to pay
Specific talents
Political ideology- Left wing?
Social democratic perspective
-Like to see greater equality in education system, schools should provide equality and opportunities’ regardless of social background
Political ideologies- Right wing?
Neoliberalism perspective
-in favour of rolling back the state they encourage privatisation and the free market because they believe competition improving the standards
What is the Butler’s education act in 1944?
introduced the idea that children should be treated equally and be given equality of opportunity by the education
So secondary introduced to all, however we don’t all attend the same secondary school called the tripartite system where people take the 11+ selecting people on ability
What test do students take to determine their place in school (triparte)
The 11+
What are the 3 schools in the tripartite system?
Grammar schools
Technical school
Secondary modern schools
What is a grammar school?
For people that pass the 11+ the academically able
Read english and have clubs academic subjects
What are secondary modern schools?
For students who failed the 11+
life skills like cooking and cleaning
women sew and cook
boys play sports
What are technical schools?
For students who failed the 11+ but are more technical
woodwork, engineering, computing etc
Advantages of the tripartite system?
-education catered for student ability
-meritocratic in principle
-gave intelligent poorer students a chance at higher education
-Helped encourage social mobility
Disadvantages of tripartite system?
-m/c can pay for support for 11+
-not many technical skills built
-created conflict between m/c and w/c (attend separate schools)
-students saw the most as failures if they didn’t get into grammar school
-economic problems- decline in uni applications- lack of academically skilled workforce
-11+ question are culturally biased, favoring the mc
What is the next act in education for social policy?
1965 comprehensive education
What is the 1965 comprehensive education act?
All students regardless of academic ability went to same school
Called comprehensive schools and based on catchment
no requirement for the 11+
end of 1970s - 80% of students in comprehension
Did the 1965 comprehensive education act succeed?
Their aim was to mix tje m/c and w/c, didnt’t work as w/c and m/c lived in different areas
Aswell m/c can attend indepedant and gramar schools
Criticism’s of comprehensive act?
didn’t work to mix all students as middle class students lived in different areas so different catchment areas
-M/c can still attend independent schools such as private and grammar schools
Criticisms of marxists of 1965 comprehensive education?
Hargreaves
Dissagre with this
w/c get exploited am m/c get more advantage
Haregreves 1967- claims inequality not disapeered, it’s just now all under one roof
Criticisms of functionalist for 1965 comprehensive education act?
education systems mediocratic good for integration
What is the 1979 vocational education act?
Where vocational education was made accessible
Gave vocational training which is qualifications completed in the workplace e.g. car garages etc
What is vocational education and vocationalism?
Vocationalism- preparing pupils for working life
Vocational education- qualifications completed in school
How has the vocational education act been criticised by Finn 1987?
Undermines the trade unions (no one can support workers)
Just used to cover up embarrassing unemployment scores
Tries to get young people off the streets
Criticisms of vocational education- Cohen 1984?
Real purpose was created as cheep labour
Criticisms of vocational education- Marxists?
exploits the w/c as their pushed in
Criticisms of vocational education- general criticisms?
targets the w/c
gives less qualifications (holds them back)
What is the act for education past 1979 vocational education?
1988 education reform act
What was the purpose of education reform act?
to raise the quality of teaching
To have competition within schools
Did this by changing funding etc
What is formula funding in the education reform act?
Instead if getting a guaranteed lump sum of money for the government istead they get an aount of money e.g. £5000 per stufent
Means that schools are competing for studnets for more money
What is parentocracy?
Parents have more choice to decide where their children go
Other ways in which education reform act 1988 create competition?
League tables- ranking schools based on GCSE results
Ofsted- inspections of school
National Curriculum- each child learns the same thing
Means they can decide is schools good enough for them, advertise schools by open days banners etc
Criticisms of education reform act, educational triage?
No equal chance as they don’t want children with bad results as it wont look good on league tables
Creates processes of cream skimming and silt shifting
-Creates bad environment children only seen as exam results
What cream skimming and silt shifting?
CS- picking between students
SS- Bad children pushed away
Criticisms of the education reform act- Ball and Gerwitz?
Parentiracys a myth only the m/c parents have a choice as they have social economic and culture capital so can take advantage of that as they understand how league tables work
What are the 1997 new labour policies social democratic?
Education action zones- providing deprived areas with additional recourses
-Aim higher programme, raising aspirations of w/c
-education maintenance allowance- W/c get an allowance for attending higher education
-National literacy strategy’s- Increased maths and lit hours in primary schools
-City academy’s created to give fresh start to struggling inner city schools with w/c pupils (increased funding)
What are the 1997 new labour policies Neo liberal?
Introduction of tuition fees
Didn’t abolish fee paying schools or charitable status
Increased use of league tables
What are city academy’s labour?
All schools/some schools maily one good and one failing school join together to make an academy
To improve struggling schools
Benefits of academy’s?
-Ability to pay staff whatever
-Can top up budget by 10%
Length on school days
-Provides Senco
-Sponsership
Criticisms of new labour policy’s- Ball?
Academisation creates a system that’s becoming dismembered
Academy faith and specialist schools resemble patchwork of unequal provisions of existing between 1980 education act
Criticisms of new labour policies- Melissa Bell?
New labour paradox, increased tuition fees, increased league tables are against labours equality scheme
What did the coalition government in 2010 do to academy’s?
Kept Labours academy’s but made better schools with bad schools
in 2021 78% of schools academy’s
Coalition government 2010 policies?
Greater equality due to pupil premium and free school
parental plus
Coalition government 2010 policies- what are free schools?
Funded schools from gov run by schools/ teachers/parents/faiths rather than local authorities
Criticisms of free schools- Rebecca Allen?
General Criticism?
Did a study on free schools and found that 20% of shools are free schools and ultimately only M/C benefi from these
-Their socially diverse and lower standards
-Raise standards but only doing so by stric pupil selectionand exclusion policies
Criticisms for free schools- Green et al?
In free school in england, in year 1 12% of children were entitled to free school meals against 24% in surrounding neighbourhood
Criticisms for coalition govt 2010 policy’s?
Creation fragmentation- comprehensive system replaced by patchwork
And centralisation of control- They have power to decide if schools should be academy’s
Present day policies?
8% cuts in education funding
More to ebacc
Exams more difficult
More free schools, widespread academisation
T levels
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