Social class and education- external factors Flashcards
What are the 2 social classes?
Working class
Middle class
Why can external factors be the reason for class inequality in education?
Cultural deprivation
-material deprivation
-cultural attitudes
-sociolinguistics
-cultural capital
What is material deprivation?
when the lower class don’t have sufficient funds and can’t afford to pay for children’s school recourses’ such as laptops, pens, pencils etc
Douglas’ theory of material deprivation?
w/c disadvantaged for many reasons overcrowded homes, unemployment, lack of nursery provisions, part time jobs and living in poverty stricken areas
Webb’s theory of material deprivation?
-Only 33% of children on free school meals abstained 5 or more A*-C grades, compared to 61% of children not on free school meals
-exclusion and truancy on w/c
-90% of failing schools in LIC areas
Howards beliefs of poor diet?
W/C don’t get enough of vitamins and minerals causing illness and poor heath causing absence therefore creating failure
Wilkinson’s beliefs of poverty?
w/c are more likely to have behavioural problem
Bull and Tanner on poverty?
Free schooling is never actually free- uniforms, pens and bus fare
-financial burden on children can cause bullying
National audit official 2003 on poverty?
w/c spend double time in paid employments to pay of their debts compared to m/c
What’s the culture capital?
The w/c lack necessary views, attitudes, knowledge and support to succeed
Douglas and Feinstein’s views of culture capital?
the reason w/c children do bad in education is due to the fact their parents lack care for children’s success within school, not motivating their children
-we can see this as m/c parents are more likely to parents evening as well they help their children with their school work compared to w/c who don’t
Bernstein’s sociolinguistic theory?
-W/C have restricted code meaning they have limited vocab, simple sentences and grammar
M/C have elaborate code meaning they have kings speech complex and abstract language
-this means m/c do better as in essay elaborate codes are needed
Hyman and Sugarman’s subculture theory?
w/c and m/c have different values, these values get passed on through each generation. The m/c way of thinking can be favoured
Subculture theory’s- w/c values?
-Fatalism- it is what it is
-Collectivism- think as a family
-Immediate gratification- want reward now not later
-Present time orientation- think about right now
Subculture theory- m/c values?
-Optimism
-Individualism
-Deferred gratification
-Future orientation
Bourdieu reproduction of class inequality? culture capital
Every class has its own habitus (values and beliefs)
In school the m/c habitus is shared as teachers are usually m/c as well as the people that create curriculum
-Can cause failure for w/c as they can’t get a culture capital and their habitus is one that different then the one being taught in school
Working class capitals, Bourdieu?
Low culture, education and economic capital = failure
Middle class capitals, Bourdieu?
High culture, education and economic capital = success
Sullivans evidence of the culture capital?
m/c do better on GCSE’s as they already read complex fictions and documentary’s so at an advantage
Putnam and social networking?
Better to have a good social networking which m/c usually have, means better opportunity’s in life
e.g. private school boys- old boy network
Whitty marketisation?
marketisation doesn’t lead to less inequality it just allows m/c to use knowledge and wealth even more then before
Gerwitz, culture capital and parental choice?
It only benefits the middle class as theirs are 3 different types of choosers
-Privileged skilled chooser- m/c use economic and culture capital, aware of admission process
-disconnected local choosers- w/c don’t have economic or culture capital, admission process difficult and money and distance is a huge factor
-semi skilled choosers- usually w/c, more ambitious and aware then disconnected choosers, lack culture and economic capital so get frustrated with system
Criticisms of social class underachievement within education? compensatory education processes
policy’s made to counteract effects of material deprivation
providing the w/c with additional recourse and equipment
What are some compensatory education processes?
Operation head start- USA planned enrichment
Education action zones
Education priority areas
Sure start
Free school meals
Keddie- culturally deprived?
Calling the w/c culturally deprived is insulting, just because it’s different doesn’t mean their deprived
-should challenge the teachers on their anti w/c prejudice instead of blaming the victims
Troyna and Williams- sociolinguistic codes?
the w/c restricted language is to blame its the teachers reaction to different language styles that should be
Blackstone and Mortimore criticism or parental attitudes?
it’s not that w/c parents aren’t interested in children’s education.
They cant attend parents evening as w/c family are most likely to work in low skilled part time jobs and may work night shifts or struggle to get time off so therefore can’t attend
also cant help with child’s work as they don’t understand as its to difficult
