social learning

Question 1

Observational learning (modeling)/social learning

Answer 1

Acquire a behavior by watching someone else do it and observing the consequences

Question 2

Is altruism innate or learned?

Answer 2

not necessarily

Question 3

Shaming sentences may deter crime through:

Answer 3

1)Observational learning: observe someone else punished for antisocial act

2)Expectancies of punishment:imagine yourself being shamed

**But.. shaming sentences actually may backfire and cause more crime

Question 4

why shaming sentences might increase more crime

Answer 4

Shaming offender will only make then feel bad about themselves, which may increase the likelihood that they will commit further crimes

evidence that shaming doesnt work for person being shamed

Question 5

Problem with shame

Answer 5

Motivates escape, hiding, avoidance

Leads to blaming others,aggression

Question 6

more adaptive to feel ___ in response to failure

Answer 6

guilt

Guilt promotes reparation, apology, confession

In guilt, focus is on what you did, not who you are

Question 7

why does it matter who the shamer is

Answer 7

When a mob takes over, punishment is not proportionate to the crime

If government shames, punishment can be proportionate

Question 8

Early Cognitive Perspective

Answer 8

More complex version of social learning theory

Led to two fundamental shifts in how we think about personality
1)Our personality reflects how we process information about ourselves, others, and world

2)How we process information reflect our mental representation of ourselves, and the world

Question 9

mental representation work as

Answer 9

filters through which we experience reality
(ie:personal constructs, schemas)

Question 10

Personal Construct Theory(george kelly)

Answer 10

Overarching perceptions shape interpretation of reality->personality

If your cognitive take on the world determines your personality, you can change who you are by changing the way you see the world

Question 11

Modern cognitive perspective

Answer 11

people have different cognitions, which shape personality

Question 12

Locus of control(Julian rotter)

Answer 12

external vs internal locus

Question 13

External locus:

Answer 13

belief that fate, luck or outside forces are responsible for what happens

Question 14

Internal locus:

Answer 14

belief that one;s own ability,effort, or actions determine what happens

Question 15

james frey condones internal or external locus?

Answer 15

internal locus of control

Question 16

Internal locus

Answer 16

Increased academic performance
More effective

Question 17

External locus

Answer 17

:learned helplessness(belief that outcomes can’t be controlled )

Question 18

Explanatory style:

Answer 18

the ways in which people habitually explain the causes o negative events

Question 19

Locus:

Answer 19

Internality (it’s me) (self-blame)
externality(something in environment)

Question 20

Stability

Answer 20

Stable(it’s going to last forever)(fatalism)
unstable(it’s going to go away”

Question 21

Globabilty

Answer 21

Global(it undermines everything)(catastrophizing)
specific(the situation)

Question 22

best explanatory style

Answer 22

internalize don’t globalize

Question 23

Cognitive therapy

Answer 23

Recognize that thoughts (beliefs, expectations, explanations, thinking style) affect your feelings and behavior

Try to change negative schemas

Try to change explanatory style

Interpret failure as an opportunity to learn