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Social influence Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of conformity

A

Internalisation
Identification
compliance

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2
Q

Types of conformity

Internalisation

A

The person accepts the groups norms and believes it to be true

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3
Q

Types of conformity

Identification

A

Publicly change views to be part of the group but don’t necessarily agree on private

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4
Q

Types of conformity

Compliance

A

Go long with the group norm while with the group

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5
Q

Explanations of conformity

A

Informations social influence

Normative social influence

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6
Q

Explanations of conformity

informational social influence ISI

A

Conform to group as we believe they are correct and want to be right

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7
Q

Explanations of conformity

Normative social influence

A

Agree with group as we want to be accepted and gain social approval

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8
Q

Research for conformity

A

Asch

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9
Q

Research for conformity

Asch procedure

A

Showed participants one standard line and 3 comparison lines- one the same size
123 American male undergraduates
Naive participant within each group
All confederates give wrong answer

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10
Q

Research for conformity

Asch findings

A

75% of participants conformed at least once

In interview most confirmed due to NSI

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11
Q

Research into conformity

Asch variations

A

Group size
Unanimity
Task difficulty

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12
Q

Research into conformity
Asch research
Group size

A

Conformity increased at 3 participants and little effect of added participants after

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13
Q

Research into conformity
Asch research
Unanimity

A

Presence of participant disagreeing with the group decreased conformity

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14
Q

Research into conformity
Asch research
Task difficulty

A

Made the difference between comparison lines and standard line smaller
Increased conformity as task got harder

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15
Q

Conformity to social roles research

A

Zimbardo

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16
Q

Conformity to social roles

Zimbardo research

A

Mock prison in basement of Stanford uni
Randomly assigned roles
Prisoners arrested, searched and given uniform and number
Guards given uniform

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17
Q

Conformity to social roles
Zimbardos research
Findings

A

Experiment stopped after 6 days not 2 weeks due to harm to participants
Guards showed power and become threatening
Participant released due to psychological disturbance
Guards identified with their role and became more brutal and aggressive

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18
Q

Replication of zimbardo

A

Reicher and Haslam

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19
Q

Replication of zimbardo

Reicher and haslam

A

Replicated for Tv show
Prisoners took control
Social identification theory-prisoners developed a shared identity as a group but guards didn’t
Refused to accepted limits of assigned roles

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20
Q

Social identification theory

A

Reicher and haslam prison experiment

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21
Q

Research into obedience

A

Milgram

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22
Q

Research into obedience

Migrants research

A

40 male participants-volunteer sample
Paid to take part
Lab experiment
The participant asked learner questions and shocked if they were wrong
Shocks ranged from 15-450 volts
If participant hesitates prods were given- please continue
The experiment requires that you continue
Is it absolutely essential that you continue
You have no other choice, you must continue

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23
Q

Research into obedience

Milgrams findings

A

65% continued to full voltage

Qualitative data of extreme tension

24
Q

Obedience

Situational variables

A

Proximity
Location
Uniform

25
Q

Situational variables of milgram

Findings

A

Baseline-65%
Run down office-47.5%
Teacher and learner same room-40%
Teacher forces learners hand onto plate-30%
Experimenter gave order by phone-20.5%
Experiment played by member of public-20%

26
Q

Obedience agentic state

A

A mental state where you feel no personal responsibility for your behaviour as you believe you are acting for an authority figure

27
Q

Obedience agentic state

Autonomous state

A

A mental state where you can behaviour according to your own principles and are responsible for your own actions

28
Q

Obedience agentic state

Agentic shift- milgram

A

The move from being autonomous to agentic

29
Q

Obedience agentic state

Binding factors

A

Aspects of the situation that allows the person to ignore the impact of their behaviour and reduce the moral strain they feel
E.g blaming the victim/denying the damage

30
Q

Obedience legitimacy of authority

A

Explanation of obedience that we are more likely to obey people who we perceive to have authority over us justified by their positioning within the hierarchy

31
Q

Obedience legitimacy of authority

Destructive authority

A

When the legitimate authority figure uses their power for destructive purpose

32
Q

Research into authoritarian personality

A

Adorno et al

33
Q

The authoritarian personality research

Adorno et al

A

2000 middle class white Americans
Unconscious attitudes to racial groups
F-scale
Lie-curt scale

34
Q

The authoritarian personality scale
Adorno et al
Findings

A

Those who had authoritarian leaning (scored high) identified with strong people, very conscious of their own and others status
Positive correlation between authoritarianism and prejudice

35
Q

types of conformity

Kelman

A

internalisation
identification
compliance

36
Q

internalisation

A

take on the majority view because we accept it as correct leading to a permanent change in behaviour

37
Q

conformity

A

a change in a persons behaviour/opinions as a result of real or imagined pressure from a person or group

38
Q

identification

A

act in the same way as the group because we value it and want to be part of it but don’t necessarily agree with everything

39
Q

compliance

A

temporary conformity where we outwardly go along with the majority but privately disagree, behaviour changes while in the presence of the group

40
Q

explanation of conformity

Deutsch and Gerard

A

informational social influence

normative social influence

41
Q

informational social influence

A

a cognitive process whereby we agree with the majority as we believe them to be right and want to be right ourselves
eg. copying others on a test
may lead to internalisation

42
Q

normative social influence

A

an emotional process whereby we agree with the majority as we want to be liked/accepted

43
Q

research into NSI

Schultz

A

were able to change the behaviour of hotel guests by using printed messages encouraging them to save energy
75% of guests were using fewer towels

44
Q

research in ISI

Lucas et al

A

participants asked to give answers to easy and hard maths problems, conformity increased to incorrect answers when questions were harder

45
Q

strengths of ISI and NSI

A

research support- Schultz and Lucas et al

real life application-effects on environment

46
Q

weaknesses of ISI and NSI

A

individual differences -nAffiliators (NSI)

Asch-some are more likely to conform(ISI)

47
Q

conformity

Asch

A

123 American male participants in groups of 6-8 were shown a standard line followed by 3 comparison lines
confederate gave wrong answer on most trials
75% of naive participants conformed to the wrong answer on at least one trial

48
Q

evaluative research of Asch

Perrin and Spencer

A

repeated Asch research with engineering students in the uk

only 1 conformed on 369 trials

49
Q

evaluative research of Asch

Williams and Sogon

A

conformity increased when majority of the group are friends then with strangers

50
Q

evaluative research of Asch

Mori and Arai

A

repeated Asch’s study using 104 Japanese students and put them into same sex groups of 4 and asked them to say their answers out loud
participants wore glasses told to prevent glare with participant 3 wearing different glasses making them see different length lines
completed questionnaire using questions from Asch’s interview
8.2% of the time people saw correct line and answered incorrectly
19.6% of people who saw different lines answered incorrectly with majority being female
results of woman were similar to Asch’s research with male conformity

51
Q

standford prison conformity

zimbardo

A

21 healthy male volunteers
random allocated roles
given uniform
after 36 hours-one released due to fits of crying and rage
interpersonal relationships deteriorated
guards were aggressive
finished on 6th day not after 2 weeks
all identified with and conformed to roles

52
Q

strengths of zimbardo

A

high internal validity-control over variables
practical application-altered the way US prisons are run. For example, juveniles accused of federal crimes are no longer housed before trial with adult prisoners

53
Q

weaknesses of zimbardo

A

lack of research support-Reicher and Haslam
unrepresentative sample- not generalizable
androcentric

54
Q

evaluation of zimbardo

Reicher and Haslam

A

15 men randomly allocated
only rule no violence
prisoners didn’t conform automatically to roles
prisoners started to identify and challenge the guards
guards failed to identify
powershift
social identification theory

55
Q

milgram obedience

A

40 male participants, volunteer between 20-50 years old
participant played teacher
teacher asked student questions every wrong answer was given a shock
shocks from 15 volts to 450 volts
prods give:1- please continue, 2-the experiment requires you to continue, 3- it is absolutely essential that you continue, 4- you have no choice, you must continue
all participants debriefed

56
Q

milgrams findings

obedience

A

no participants stopped below 300 volts
12.5% stopped at 300 volts
65% carried on to highest voltage

Psychology (11 decks)

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