Social influence Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Types of conformity

A

Internalisation
Identification
compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of conformity

Internalisation

A

The person accepts the groups norms and believes it to be true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of conformity

Identification

A

Publicly change views to be part of the group but don’t necessarily agree on private

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of conformity

Compliance

A

Go long with the group norm while with the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explanations of conformity

A

Informations social influence

Normative social influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explanations of conformity

informational social influence ISI

A

Conform to group as we believe they are correct and want to be right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explanations of conformity

Normative social influence

A

Agree with group as we want to be accepted and gain social approval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Research for conformity

A

Asch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Research for conformity

Asch procedure

A

Showed participants one standard line and 3 comparison lines- one the same size
123 American male undergraduates
Naive participant within each group
All confederates give wrong answer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Research for conformity

Asch findings

A

75% of participants conformed at least once

In interview most confirmed due to NSI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Research into conformity

Asch variations

A

Group size
Unanimity
Task difficulty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Research into conformity
Asch research
Group size

A

Conformity increased at 3 participants and little effect of added participants after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Research into conformity
Asch research
Unanimity

A

Presence of participant disagreeing with the group decreased conformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Research into conformity
Asch research
Task difficulty

A

Made the difference between comparison lines and standard line smaller
Increased conformity as task got harder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Conformity to social roles research

A

Zimbardo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Conformity to social roles

Zimbardo research

A

Mock prison in basement of Stanford uni
Randomly assigned roles
Prisoners arrested, searched and given uniform and number
Guards given uniform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Conformity to social roles
Zimbardos research
Findings

A

Experiment stopped after 6 days not 2 weeks due to harm to participants
Guards showed power and become threatening
Participant released due to psychological disturbance
Guards identified with their role and became more brutal and aggressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Replication of zimbardo

A

Reicher and Haslam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Replication of zimbardo

Reicher and haslam

A

Replicated for Tv show
Prisoners took control
Social identification theory-prisoners developed a shared identity as a group but guards didn’t
Refused to accepted limits of assigned roles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Social identification theory

A

Reicher and haslam prison experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Research into obedience

A

Milgram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Research into obedience

Migrants research

A

40 male participants-volunteer sample
Paid to take part
Lab experiment
The participant asked learner questions and shocked if they were wrong
Shocks ranged from 15-450 volts
If participant hesitates prods were given- please continue
The experiment requires that you continue
Is it absolutely essential that you continue
You have no other choice, you must continue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Research into obedience

Milgrams findings

A

65% continued to full voltage

Qualitative data of extreme tension

24
Q

Obedience

Situational variables

A

Proximity
Location
Uniform

25
Q

Situational variables of milgram

Findings

A

Baseline-65%
Run down office-47.5%
Teacher and learner same room-40%
Teacher forces learners hand onto plate-30%
Experimenter gave order by phone-20.5%
Experiment played by member of public-20%

26
Q

Obedience agentic state

A

A mental state where you feel no personal responsibility for your behaviour as you believe you are acting for an authority figure

27
Q

Obedience agentic state

Autonomous state

A

A mental state where you can behaviour according to your own principles and are responsible for your own actions

28
Q

Obedience agentic state

Agentic shift- milgram

A

The move from being autonomous to agentic

29
Q

Obedience agentic state

Binding factors

A

Aspects of the situation that allows the person to ignore the impact of their behaviour and reduce the moral strain they feel
E.g blaming the victim/denying the damage

30
Q

Obedience legitimacy of authority

A

Explanation of obedience that we are more likely to obey people who we perceive to have authority over us justified by their positioning within the hierarchy

31
Q

Obedience legitimacy of authority

Destructive authority

A

When the legitimate authority figure uses their power for destructive purpose

32
Q

Research into authoritarian personality

A

Adorno et al

33
Q

The authoritarian personality research

Adorno et al

A

2000 middle class white Americans
Unconscious attitudes to racial groups
F-scale
Lie-curt scale

34
Q

The authoritarian personality scale
Adorno et al
Findings

A

Those who had authoritarian leaning (scored high) identified with strong people, very conscious of their own and others status
Positive correlation between authoritarianism and prejudice

35
Q

types of conformity

Kelman

A

internalisation
identification
compliance

36
Q

internalisation

A

take on the majority view because we accept it as correct leading to a permanent change in behaviour

37
Q

conformity

A

a change in a persons behaviour/opinions as a result of real or imagined pressure from a person or group

38
Q

identification

A

act in the same way as the group because we value it and want to be part of it but don’t necessarily agree with everything

39
Q

compliance

A

temporary conformity where we outwardly go along with the majority but privately disagree, behaviour changes while in the presence of the group

40
Q

explanation of conformity

Deutsch and Gerard

A

informational social influence

normative social influence

41
Q

informational social influence

A

a cognitive process whereby we agree with the majority as we believe them to be right and want to be right ourselves
eg. copying others on a test
may lead to internalisation

42
Q

normative social influence

A

an emotional process whereby we agree with the majority as we want to be liked/accepted

43
Q

research into NSI

Schultz

A

were able to change the behaviour of hotel guests by using printed messages encouraging them to save energy
75% of guests were using fewer towels

44
Q

research in ISI

Lucas et al

A

participants asked to give answers to easy and hard maths problems, conformity increased to incorrect answers when questions were harder

45
Q

strengths of ISI and NSI

A

research support- Schultz and Lucas et al

real life application-effects on environment

46
Q

weaknesses of ISI and NSI

A

individual differences -nAffiliators (NSI)

Asch-some are more likely to conform(ISI)

47
Q

conformity

Asch

A

123 American male participants in groups of 6-8 were shown a standard line followed by 3 comparison lines
confederate gave wrong answer on most trials
75% of naive participants conformed to the wrong answer on at least one trial

48
Q

evaluative research of Asch

Perrin and Spencer

A

repeated Asch research with engineering students in the uk

only 1 conformed on 369 trials

49
Q

evaluative research of Asch

Williams and Sogon

A

conformity increased when majority of the group are friends then with strangers

50
Q

evaluative research of Asch

Mori and Arai

A

repeated Asch’s study using 104 Japanese students and put them into same sex groups of 4 and asked them to say their answers out loud
participants wore glasses told to prevent glare with participant 3 wearing different glasses making them see different length lines
completed questionnaire using questions from Asch’s interview
8.2% of the time people saw correct line and answered incorrectly
19.6% of people who saw different lines answered incorrectly with majority being female
results of woman were similar to Asch’s research with male conformity

51
Q

standford prison conformity

zimbardo

A

21 healthy male volunteers
random allocated roles
given uniform
after 36 hours-one released due to fits of crying and rage
interpersonal relationships deteriorated
guards were aggressive
finished on 6th day not after 2 weeks
all identified with and conformed to roles

52
Q

strengths of zimbardo

A

high internal validity-control over variables
practical application-altered the way US prisons are run. For example, juveniles accused of federal crimes are no longer housed before trial with adult prisoners

53
Q

weaknesses of zimbardo

A

lack of research support-Reicher and Haslam
unrepresentative sample- not generalizable
androcentric

54
Q

evaluation of zimbardo

Reicher and Haslam

A

15 men randomly allocated
only rule no violence
prisoners didn’t conform automatically to roles
prisoners started to identify and challenge the guards
guards failed to identify
powershift
social identification theory

55
Q

milgram obedience

A

40 male participants, volunteer between 20-50 years old
participant played teacher
teacher asked student questions every wrong answer was given a shock
shocks from 15 volts to 450 volts
prods give:1- please continue, 2-the experiment requires you to continue, 3- it is absolutely essential that you continue, 4- you have no choice, you must continue
all participants debriefed

56
Q

milgrams findings

obedience

A

no participants stopped below 300 volts
12.5% stopped at 300 volts
65% carried on to highest voltage