Social Influence Flashcards
What are the three types of conformity?
Internalisation, Identification, Compliance.
Which is the deepest type of conformity?
Internalisation
Which explanation of conformity occurs when someone ‘wants to be liked’? It is about norms and gaining social approval.
NSI
What does the two-process approach saying about why people conform?
People either conform because they want to be liked (NSI), or because they want to be right (ISI)
Can you state what type of change ISI and NSI will lead to?
ISI = Permanent, NSI = Temporary
Give me the numbers relating to Asch’s study:
- number of participants?
- number of lines?
- number of confederates?
- number of participants? 123
- number of lines? 4 (1 standard line and 3 comparison lines)
- number of confederates? (5-7)
Define Conformity.
A change in a person’s behavior or opinions as a result from real or imagined pressure from a person or group of people.
How does Asch’s study support explanations of
conformity?
NSI: when interviewed, participants said they felt self-conscious giving correct answer and were afraid of disapproval.
ISI: When Asch made task more difficult, conformity increased.
What is a ‘dissenter’?
A non-conforming person.
Which other study supports Asch’s findings on the effects of task difficulty?
Lucas et al (2006). Asked participants to complete ‘easy’ and ‘hard’ maths problems.
A limitation of Asch’s research is that participants may have been displaying demand characteristics.
What does this mean?
They knew they were in a study and therefore going along with what was expected of them.
What is meant by the term ’social roles’?
The ‘parts’ people play as members of various social groups. These are accompanied by expectations of behaviour in each role.
What is a ‘nAffiliator?
A nAffiliator is someone who is greatly concerned by being liked by others.
After how many days was Zimbardo’s study shut down and why?
Study ended after 6 days instead of 14. Prisoners became subdued, depressed and anxious, some showing severe signs of psychological disturbance. Guards’ behaviour became increasingly brutal and aggressive.
What is obedience?
A form of social Influence in which an individual follows a direct order, usually a figure of authority, who has the power to punish.
Give me the numbers relating to Milgram’s experiment:
- Number of participants?
- Number of confederates?
- The shocks increased by how many volts each time?
- What was the max voltage that could be administered?
- What % of participants went up to the full voltage?
- Number of participants? 40
- Number of confederates? 2
- The shocks increased by how many volts each time? 15v
- What was the max voltage that could be administered? 450v
- What % of participants went up to the full voltage? 65%
Can you recall the situational factors Milgram identified?
Proximity, location, uniform.
Which ‘field experiment’ provide support for the influence of situational variables on obedience?
Leonard Bickman (1974). 3 confederates dressed in different outfits (jacket and tie, milkman and security guard), asked
passers-by to perform tasks. People were twice as likely to obey security guard.
What is the ‘agentic shift’?
The shift from autonomy to agency.
What is a binding factor?
Aspects of the situation that allow a person to ignore or minimise the damaging effect of their behaviour.
A further strength of Milgrams research is that his findings have been replicated in other cultures. What research supports this?
Meeus and Raaijmakers (1986). Dutch study where participants were asked to say stressful things in an
interview.
When would a person demonstrate identification with regards to smoking.
When they agree/disagree with smoking both in public/private. Eg. they do not smoke at all - or they smoke both at home and in public settings
Where did Milgram gain his sample?
Put out an advert in the newspaper
How does Milgrams study support the role of the agentic state in obedience?
Most of the participants resisted giving shocks at some point but once they knew the experimenter was responsible if the ‘learner’ was harmed, they continued.
