Memory Flashcards
define duration
The length of time
information can be held in memory
define coding
The format in which
information is stored in memory
define capacity
the amount of information
that can be held in memory
Describe how Jacobs (1887) investigated short term memory capacity.
By measuring both digit span and number span, by calling out letters/numbers of increasing length and
participants recalling them.
What is the duration of short term memory? Who researched this?
18 sec by Peterson and Peterson
What is the capacity of short term memory? Who research this?
7 +-2, Miller (or cowan 4+-1)
State one strength of the multistore model of memory.
Supporting research evidence
State one weakness of the multistore model of memory
Issues with supporting evidence methodology, More than
one type of rehearsal, STM and LTM
Who researched into coding into STM & LTM? And what were
the findings?
Baddeley found that STM is coded acoustically and LTM is coded semantically.
Define procedural LTM?
Knowledge for actions or skills.
Which LTM have a time and place stamp?
Episodic
Which type of LTMs need conscious or deliberate
recalled with effort?
Episodic & Semantic
Who proposed these 3 types of long term memory?
Tulving
Give one strength LTM research and one weakness of LTM research?
+ Case study evidence (HM & Clive Wearing), Real life application (improving memory in the elderly)
- Conflicting neuro imaging research, issues with case studies.
How can we tell that STM is coded acoustically?
Acoustically similar words get mixed together in STM producing worse recall, showing that STM is coded acoustically.
What are the 3 slave systems in the WMM?
VSS, PL, EB
Give a weakness of the MSM of memory?
Simplistic model, more than one STM and LTM, elaborative rehearsal not prolonged rehearsal.
Who researched into Duration of STM?
Peterson & Peterson
State a strength of the WMM
Clinical evidence KF, Dual task performance research.
What is a strength of the MSM of memory?
Research support from characteristics studies or serial position curve.
Explain the difference between proactive and retroactive interference.
Proactive: old memories interfere with new memories. (Acting forwards)
Retroactive: new memories interfere with old memories.(Acting backwards)
Explain how McGeoch and McDonald (1931)
supports interference as a cause of forgetting.
Gave participants lists of items to learn.
Recall poorest for most similar items (ie synonyms)
Similar items more likely to interfere and cause
forgetting.
Who researched into Context dependent forgetting? And what was the best condition to recall in?
Godden and Baddeley, Beach, beach
Who researched into State dependent forgetting? And what was the best condition to recall in?
Cassaday and carter, no drug, no drug
