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Psychology - Short answer question cards > Psychopathology > Flashcards

Psychopathology Flashcards

1
Q

Which definition refers to someone having less common characteristics?

A

Statistical infrequency

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2
Q

What are the four definitions of abnormality?

A

SI, F2FA, DFIMH and DFSN

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3
Q

What are the three characteristics of a phobia you need to know?

A

Behavioural, emotional, cognitive

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4
Q

What type of conditioning acquires the phobia?

A

Classical

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5
Q

What type of conditioning maintains the phobia?

A

Operant

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6
Q

Name one behavioural, one emotional and one cognitive characteristic of a phobia

A
  • Behavioural – APE – Avoidance, Panic, Endurance
  • Emotional – UFA - anxiety, fear, unreasonable
  • Cognitive – IB, CD, SA (ABCD-SA) – irrational beliefs, cognitive distortions, selective attention
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7
Q

What does operant conditioning do in the two process model?

A

Maintain the phobia.

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8
Q

What is reciprocal inhibition?

A

relaxation and anxiety can’t happen at the same time.

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9
Q

What is the difference between systematic desensitisation and flooding in terms of treating phobias?

A
  • SD: gradual, expensive and time consuming
  • F: immediate, cheaper due to less sessions.
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10
Q

Explain one behavioural, one emotional and one cognitive characteristic of depression.

A
  • Behavioural – activity levels, disruption to sleep/eating behaviour, aggression and self harm
  • Emotional – low mood, anger, lowered self esteem
  • Cognitive – poor concentration, attending to and dwelling on the negative, absolutist thinking
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11
Q

What are the three parts to the negative triad?

A

Negative views of the future, world, the self.

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12
Q

What does the ABC stand for in Ellis’ ABC Model?

A

Activating event, beliefs, consequences.

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13
Q

What are the behavioural characteristics of depression?

A

Activity levels, disruption to sleep and eating behaviour, aggression and self-harm.

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14
Q

What is a limitation of Ellis’s ABC model of depression?

A
  • It only explains reactive depression not endogenous depression.
  • Ethical issues of patient blaming for depression
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15
Q

What is the goal of behaviour activation?

A

To work with depressed individuals to gradually decrease their avoidance and isolation, and increase their engagement in activities that have been shown to improve mood.

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16
Q

What are the 5 parts to the ABCDE model?

A

Activating event, beliefs, consequences, dispute and effect

17
Q

What are the emotional characteristics of depression?

A

Lowered mood, anger, lowered self esteem

18
Q

What are the emotional characteristics of OCD?

A

Anxiety and distress, accompanying depression, guilt and disgust.

19
Q

What is an SSRI?

A

An antidepressant that works on the serotonin system in the brain. It prevents the reabsorption and breakdown of serotonin causing an increase in the amount of it in the synapse.

20
Q

What other treatments are used as an alternative to SSRIs?

A

CBT, tricyclics, SNRIs.

21
Q

What are the cognitive characteristics of OCD?

A

Obsessive thoughts, cognitive coping strategies, insight into excessive anxiety.

22
Q

What is the difference between an obsession and a compulsion?

A

Obsessions are thoughts, compulsions are behaviours

23
Q

A limitation of the failure to function adequately definition.

A
  • It is very similar to deviation from social norms.
  • It is a subjective judgement.
24
Q

Name 3 criteria of Jahoda’s criteria for ideal mental health.

A

Examples include:
- No symptoms or distress.
- We are rational and perceive ourselves accurately.
- We self-actualise.
- Good self-esteem and lack guilt.
- Have a realistic view of the world.

25
Q

What is the strength of the statistical infrequency definition?

A
  • Real-world application to mental health assessments.
26
Q

What is an example of deviation from social norms?

A

Antisocial personality disorder

27
Q

What is a strength of the 2 process model of phobias?

A
  • Application to therapy.
28
Q

What does the 2 process model of phobias not correctly consider?

A

The cognitive elements of phobias.

29
Q

What is faulty information processing?

A

When depressed patients attend to the negative aspects of a situation and ignore positives.

30
Q

How many genes can be involved in OCD?

A

Up to 230

31
Q

What does aetiologically heterogeneous mean?

A

A group of genes involved in OCD may cause different types of OCD in different people.

32
Q

How long does it take for SSRIs to help with OCD symptoms?

A

3-4 months

33
Q

What does SSRI stand for?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Psychology - Short answer question cards (11 decks)

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