Social Dominace

Question 1

Defintion

Answer 1

Getting one’s way or influencing others, which may involve aggression

Question 2

Agression

Answer 2

An action or actions intended to inflict harm

3 types: Verbal, non-verbal and indirect

• Instrumental Aggression: an act of aggression as means of achieving a goal
• Hostile Aggression: An act of aggression intended to inflict harm

Question 3

Precursors of Aggression

Answer 3

Proactive: Aggression is defined as behaviour that anticipates reward

Reactive: Aggression is a response to a perceived threat or provocation

Question 4

Age & Gender

Answer 4

Physical aggression is most prevalent around the age of 2- before this it’s viewed as exploratory aggression

Females display more indirect aggression
Males display more non-verbal aggression
Both genders display equal amounts of verbal aggression

Question 5

Origins of Aggression: Genetics

Answer 5

Genetic predisposition can make individuals vulnerable to aggressive tendencies. Genetics influence brain development which in turn effects temperament, empathy etc

Longitudinal research suggests that there is relationship between an early ‘lack of control’ and aggression in later life

Question 6

Origins of Aggression: Parenting

Answer 6

Home influences are an important influence:

• Attachment type
• Day care- contradicting research to suggest whether it increases the likelihood of aggression or decreases it
• Parenting style- maternal deprivation/ lack of nurtuing leads to children resolving problems by using aggression

Question 7

Origins of Aggression: Peers

Answer 7

Peers present opportunities for social learning and vicarious reinforcement

Normative Social Influence- wanting acceptance from peers

Question 8

Origins of Aggression: Neighbours

Answer 8

Exposure to community violence predicted problems in 3-5 year olds… though how mother’s coped was a mediating factor

Community disadvantage can predict deviant peer affilations