Developmental Risks

Question 1

Prenatal Risks (Before Birth)

Answer 1

Prenatal risks come from the mother’s lifestyle, environment and genetics
eg. caffeine= increased heart rate
kidney disease= stillbirths/ miscarriages
Smoking= Asphyxia

Question 2

Preventing Prenatal Risks

Answer 2

Screening and tests
eg. ultrasound, amniocentesis

Antenatal Care- providing the best environment for the fetus

Question 3

Perinatal Risks (Birth)

Answer 3

New born’s are vulnerable and defenseless which leaves them at risk. This risk is increased if they are born prematurely or of low birth weight
eg. Underdeveloped lungs, weak heart, weak immune system

Also risks during the birthing process
eg. Stillbirth, hemorrhage, maternal maternity, asphyxia

Question 4

Preventing Perinatal Risks

Answer 4

Medical advances mean babies can survive as early as 23 weeks old.
Highly trained staff, life support machines, improved knowledge

Question 5

Postnatal Risks (After Birth)

Answer 5

Risks (usually for those born prematurely or with a low birth-weight) include..
physical disabilities eg. motor difficulties
Neurological disorders- Cerebral Palsy
Learning Difficulties- cognitive problems, underdeveloped brain
Respiratory problems- underdeveloped lungs
Social/ behavioural problems- ADHD, Austism

Question 6

Preventing Postnatal Risks

Research by Werner (1993)

Answer 6

Werner- good care after birth and a stimulating environment can overcome prenatal risks

However, not even a good psycho-social environment can compensate for a premature birth or low birth-weight