social determinants of health Flashcards
beyond individual - opportunities and constraints influenced by?
broader social, political, economic conditions = called multi-level causal web
what is epidemiological transition?
shift from society burdened by infectious and parasitic diseases + low life expectancy to chronic/degenenerative disease, w higher life expectancy
eradication of disease
epidemiological transition does not mean infectious disease is eradicated. globalization has constant impact on disease. additionaly, disease can become resistant to treatment. as it mutates = poses threat.
epidemiological transition video - trends + findings
industrial revolution allowed no-developed countries to progress. increase lifespan and income. asian + african colonies stuck in low income, low life expectancy. . over time, colonies in africa and asia began to get better income + life expectancy. moving forward, life expectancy may peak and decline.
what is germ theory?
infectious disease caused by activity of microorganisms invading human body
- not super relevant to chronic disease
germ theory + chronic disease
chronic diseases have multiple causes +risk factors. risk determined by how often ppl engage in these activities/behaviours.
- unknown/variable latency period.
- pathophysiological mechanisms often not known.tracking disease isnt v easy.
4 different approaches to social determinants of health
- health belief model/health lifestyle theory
- health promotion/population health
- fundamental cause theory
- stress processs
social production of health and illness - critical approach: power
– social structure: relates to what theory? issue w this? diff btw groups
social structure matters: live in society where resource + power unequally distributed.
conflict theory social position affects health outcomes. certain attributes better able to control/shape rights/opportunities for their benefit.
ways in which ppl become ill - list individual behaviour, ignore fact that illness is not randomly distributed.
examples of inequalities
men more likely to smoke. less educated more likely to smoke.
obesity rates higher among poor + low levels of education.
social structure matters
- cause of illness of popln
cause of illness of popln cant be determined by looking at cause at level of individual.
social production of health + illness = upstream cause
what does this mean… TEXTBOOK
social structure matters - social arrangements
critically exmine what about social arrangement produces inequality + difference in risk
purpose of health belief model = theorizing social determinants of health
- explain why healthy individuals adopt preventative health behaviours
4 factors affect decision to adopt preventative health behaviours (health belief model)
- believe they are susceptible
- problem is serious
- adopting preventative measure will be beneficial 4. no significan tbarriers to adopting measures
what affects the 4 factors that affect the decision to adopt preventative health behaviours?
demographic variables, psychosocial variables, structural factors (access to knowledge abt problme), external cues to action.
what is health lifestyle theory?
acknowledges both agency (freedom) and structure (social forces that limit choice) with ephasis on group > individual
health promotion/ population health model -theorizsing social determinants of health
process of enabling people to increase control over + to improve their health
popln health: accepts many concepts but expands: 1. health promotion in that both situate health + disease as unique constructs. also strongly wants to limit health spending bc can bbe damaging to economy. 2. more focused on cultural, social, economic factors. 3. individual behaviour intertwined in society, what is perceived as choice is due to one’s social location.
fundamental cause theory: theorizing social determinants of health
4 criteria to be ID’d as fundamental cause: influence on wide range of health conditions, operates thru number of different mechanisms, assoc w resources used to protect health, persistant assoc with health over time.
the stress process: theorizing social determinants of health
define moderators
stress affect immune system.
negative events had stronger effect than positive events. higher scores on survey = greater risk for illness.
- resources that can be mustered to combat stressors + minimize their impact on health
define social control
means used by social group to ensure that individuals conform to social norms and that the existing balance of power is maintained
define intimate terrorism
form of intimate partner violence, committed mainly be men, in which repeated acts of physical aggression and abusive behaviour are used to dominate and control one’s partner
violent resistance
form of intimate partner violence, mostly by wpmen who as victims of violence respond in kind, either as an instinctive reaction to protect self or as strategy for preventing further assaults.
situational couple violence
common form of intimate partner violence. conflict between partners erupts into aggression, violence. gender-symmetric.
