social determinants of health

Question 1

beyond individual - opportunities and constraints influenced by?

Answer 1

broader social, political, economic conditions = called multi-level causal web

Question 2

what is epidemiological transition?

Answer 2

shift from society burdened by infectious and parasitic diseases + low life expectancy to chronic/degenenerative disease, w higher life expectancy

Question 3

eradication of disease

Answer 3

epidemiological transition does not mean infectious disease is eradicated. globalization has constant impact on disease. additionaly, disease can become resistant to treatment. as it mutates = poses threat.

Question 4

epidemiological transition video - trends + findings

Answer 4

industrial revolution allowed no-developed countries to progress. increase lifespan and income. asian + african colonies stuck in low income, low life expectancy. . over time, colonies in africa and asia began to get better income + life expectancy. moving forward, life expectancy may peak and decline.

Question 5

what is germ theory?

Answer 5

infectious disease caused by activity of microorganisms invading human body
- not super relevant to chronic disease

Question 6

germ theory + chronic disease

Answer 6

chronic diseases have multiple causes +risk factors. risk determined by how often ppl engage in these activities/behaviours.

• unknown/variable latency period.
• pathophysiological mechanisms often not known.tracking disease isnt v easy.

Question 7

4 different approaches to social determinants of health

Answer 7

1. health belief model/health lifestyle theory
2. health promotion/population health
3. fundamental cause theory
4. stress processs

Question 8

social production of health and illness - critical approach: power

– social structure: relates to what theory? issue w this? diff btw groups

Answer 8

social structure matters: live in society where resource + power unequally distributed.
conflict theory social position affects health outcomes. certain attributes better able to control/shape rights/opportunities for their benefit.
ways in which ppl become ill - list individual behaviour, ignore fact that illness is not randomly distributed.

Question 9

examples of inequalities

Answer 9

men more likely to smoke. less educated more likely to smoke.
obesity rates higher among poor + low levels of education.

Question 10

social structure matters

- cause of illness of popln

Answer 10

cause of illness of popln cant be determined by looking at cause at level of individual.

Question 11

social production of health + illness = upstream cause

Answer 11

what does this mean… TEXTBOOK

Question 12

social structure matters - social arrangements

Answer 12

critically exmine what about social arrangement produces inequality + difference in risk

Question 13

purpose of health belief model = theorizing social determinants of health

Answer 13

• explain why healthy individuals adopt preventative health behaviours

Question 14

4 factors affect decision to adopt preventative health behaviours (health belief model)

Answer 14

1. believe they are susceptible
2. problem is serious
3. adopting preventative measure will be beneficial 4. no significan tbarriers to adopting measures

Question 15

what affects the 4 factors that affect the decision to adopt preventative health behaviours?

Answer 15

demographic variables, psychosocial variables, structural factors (access to knowledge abt problme), external cues to action.

Question 16

what is health lifestyle theory?

Answer 16

acknowledges both agency (freedom) and structure (social forces that limit choice) with ephasis on group > individual

Question 17

health promotion/ population health model -theorizsing social determinants of health

Answer 17

process of enabling people to increase control over + to improve their health

popln health: accepts many concepts but expands: 1. health promotion in that both situate health + disease as unique constructs. also strongly wants to limit health spending bc can bbe damaging to economy. 2. more focused on cultural, social, economic factors. 3. individual behaviour intertwined in society, what is perceived as choice is due to one’s social location.

Question 18

fundamental cause theory: theorizing social determinants of health

Answer 18

4 criteria to be ID’d as fundamental cause: influence on wide range of health conditions, operates thru number of different mechanisms, assoc w resources used to protect health, persistant assoc with health over time.

Question 19

the stress process: theorizing social determinants of health

define moderators

Answer 19

stress affect immune system.
negative events had stronger effect than positive events. higher scores on survey = greater risk for illness.
- resources that can be mustered to combat stressors + minimize their impact on health

Question 20

define social control

Answer 20

means used by social group to ensure that individuals conform to social norms and that the existing balance of power is maintained

Question 21

define intimate terrorism

Answer 21

form of intimate partner violence, committed mainly be men, in which repeated acts of physical aggression and abusive behaviour are used to dominate and control one’s partner

Question 22

violent resistance

Answer 22

form of intimate partner violence, mostly by wpmen who as victims of violence respond in kind, either as an instinctive reaction to protect self or as strategy for preventing further assaults.

Question 23

situational couple violence

Answer 23

common form of intimate partner violence. conflict between partners erupts into aggression, violence. gender-symmetric.