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Sociology > Social Class Identities > Flashcards

Social Class Identities Flashcards

1
Q

Mackintosh and Mooney

A

They suggest that people’s occupation affects how we see ourselves and others based on the judgements we make about jobs associated with social class

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2
Q

Scott

A

‘Old boy network’ = give each other contacts which secure business deals and gain promotions, uses social closure

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3
Q

How does Scott operate social closure

A

-encourage inter-marriages
-immerse children into culture of privilege

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4
Q

What does Giddens say

A

He agrees with Scott that there is a traditional upper class ‘landowning aristocracy’ which practices social closure, 2 other groups = jet set pop aristocracy, entrepreneurial rich

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5
Q

King and Raynor

A

Middle class, reinforced attitudes about educational success through the use of role models, positive and negative sanctions, imitation
-child centeredness
-deferred gratification

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6
Q

Bourdieu

A

Education system helps socialise people into different class identities through role models, imitation, rewards, sanctions
-cultural capital
-leisure interests, levels of language and skills similar to school= advantage for children in education system
-hidden curriculum

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7
Q

Cultural capital

A

Having skills, knowledge (etc) to get ahead in education and life= high status in society

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8
Q

Social capital

A

Resources based on group membership, relationships, networks of influence and support

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9
Q

Economic capital

A

Economic resources, material wealth owned by individuals or families

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10
Q

Goodwin

A

-middle class
-yummy mummies

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11
Q

Saunders

A

-middle class
-conspicuous consumption

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12
Q

Consumer culture

A

Culture where status, sense of worth, identity are centred on the purchase and consumption of goods and services

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13
Q

Wright

A

-middle class occupy a contradictory class position

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14
Q

Structured interview

A

Researcher reads out a list of closed questions from an interview schedule and writes respondents answers according to pre-set fixed categories

Quantitative

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15
Q

Semi-structured interview

A

Mix of structured and unstructured interviews. Close and open questions.

Qualitative

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16
Q

Unstructured interview

A

Informal interview which is guided conversation

Qualitative

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17
Q

Focus groups of facts

A

People get together to discuss an issue rather than direct questions

Qualitative

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18
Q

Capital

A

any aspects that can improve your life chances

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19
Q

Deferred gratification

A

Resisting the temptation of immediate pleasure in the hope of finding a valuable and long-lasting reward in the long term

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20
Q

Social mobility

A

Moving up and down the social scale

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21
Q

Child centredness

A

When decisions within a family are based around how impacted the child would be

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22
Q

Yummy mummy

A

Middle class mother who cares about appearance and how she is viewed within society

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23
Q

Conspicuous consumption

A

The purchase of goods or services for the specific purpose of displaying wealth

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24
Q

Social closure

A

When the upper class are self selective and exclude others (invited to events)

25
Q

Old boy network

A

Upper class boys use this to give each other business deals and gain promotions = exercise social closure

26
Q

High culture

A

Activities which appeal to upper class = ballet, opera, classical music

27
Q

Ascribed /achieved status

A

Ascribed = status you are born with
Achieved = the one you work for

28
Q

Traditional working class

A

Dominant for most of the 20th century and still influential in some parts of the uk today

29
Q

New working class

A

Seen to be replacing the traditional working class as new types of jobs replace manual old ones, mainly found in south south east

30
Q

Middle class

A

Majority of population who have professional or managerial careers. University educated and their own homes

31
Q

Traditional upper class

A

Those who have inherited wealth, often within form of land. They operate social closure

32
Q

Jet set pop aristocracy

A

Individuals who have earned their status through sport, media and entertainment

33
Q

Entrepreneurial rich

A

Earned money through business enterprise

34
Q

Indicators of social class

A

-food
-family/peer groups
-job
-type of car they drive
-housing
-education
-speech and dialect
-clothing
-activities + sports

35
Q

Subjective approach

A

Ask people to rate themselves

36
Q

Objective appproach

A

Uses a measurement of class by asking respondents questions based on indicators such as income and occupation

37
Q

Under class

A

Group of people unemployed, live off benefits and come from a deprived area

38
Q

The NS SEC

A

National statistics socio-economic classification, descriptive approach based on occupations according to their similarity of qualification, training, skills and experience used from 1990s

39
Q

Objective Definitions of Class

A

People placed in a social class by using a scale or measuring device (e.g NS SEC) classification

40
Q

Subjective Definitions of class

A

Where people place themselves and now they define themselves

41
Q

Scott

A

-upper class
-old boy network
-social closure

42
Q

Macintosh and Mooney

A

-upper class
-people’s occupation affects how we see ourselves and others based on judgements we make about jobs associated with social class

43
Q

Kenway

A

-upper class
-found that private school girls maintained their high levels of self-esteem by devaluing the status and achievements of state-educated young people

44
Q

King and Raynor

A

-middle class
-child centredness
-parents socialise middle class identities by reinforcing attitudes and values on the importance of education

45
Q

Bourdieu

A

-middle class
-school helps to socialise people though role models, imitation (etc)
-cultural capital
-hidden curriculum

46
Q

Goodwin

A

-middle class
-yummy mummies defined by peer approval on maternal capabilities, glamour and styles and experiences of their children

47
Q

Saunders

A

-middle class
-conspicuous consumption

48
Q

Wright

A

-middle class
-occupy a contradictory class position = taken advantage of by upper class and working class
-hold managerial or supervisory roles
-resources should be controlled = investment, means of production and labour power

49
Q

Willis

A

-working class
-‘lads’ formed a distinctive ‘counter-school sub-cultural grouping’
-little interest in academic work and would identify with the adult by smoking, drinking and expressing sexist, racist attitudes
-influenced by home backgrounds

50
Q

Mac an Ghail

A

-working class
-ethnographic study= studied a range of subcultures within a school and noted if boys followed their fathers with manual labour job roles.
-heavy, manual work became a way to shape them into working class identity
-boys had no academic qualifications

51
Q

Bowles and Gintis

A

-working class
-education’s purpose = maintain and reproduce class inequalities in wealth and power.
-hidden curriculum
-suggest education is designed for the ruling class and encourages children from working class backgrounds to be obedient workers

52
Q

Bourdieu 2

A

-working class
-don’t have social, economic or cultural capital
-hidden curriculum = not effective to working class

53
Q

Mertens and D’haenens

A

-working class
-digital divide = link between class and internet usage
-lower social class = use internet less and technology for entertainment
-middle class use it to boost their knowledge
-social class = buffers factor affecting digital inequality

54
Q

Murray

A

-underclass
-people who are lazy, workshy, immoral, criminal and dependent on benefits
-own fault they are in this position
-believe in a culture based on idleness, failure and criminality

55
Q

Jordan

A

-underclass
-Jordan disagrees with Murray
-these people would love to work and feel shame and guilt, low self-esteem, poor mental and physical health

56
Q

Pakulski and Waters

A

-postmodernism
-shift from production to consumption
-defined by what we buy not what we do

57
Q

Offe

A

-postmodernism
-today’s society = fewer individuals share a common unifying experience of full time work
-we all create our own identities regardless of social class of families or jobs

58
Q

Skeggs

A

-postmodernism
-working class women have instrumental attitudes to work
-new working class saw capitalism as effective in raising living standards = no sense of class injustice or political loyalty.
-see society as meritocratic and believe in individualism
-develop identities based on popular culture, conspicuous consumption and consumer culture

Sociology (10 decks)

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