Induction Booklet Flashcards
Quantitative data
Numerical or statistical data. More objective so more scientific and reduces researcher bias. E.g questionnaires
Qualitative data
Expressed textually. In-depth descriptions of social life. More valid and provides a true picture of the social reality of the lives of participants. E.g unstructured interviews
Primary methods
First hand research done by the researcher. E.g questionnaires
Secondary methods
Second hand researcher. Other people’s data is used is used
Validity
How true and accurate the findings are
Reliability
Consistency of results
Strengths and weaknesses of using a questionnaire for social research
+quick
+uses open and closed questions
+high in reliability
-doesn’t always allow someone to expand -questions can be biased
-people might lie
Norms
Specific unwritten and unspoken rules which are socially enforced
Values
Basic beliefs that guide the actions of individuals which tell them what is right and wrong
Agents of socialisation - either primary or secondary
Individuals socialised through different people and things. E.g family, media and religion
Primary socialisation
First stage of life-long process of learning where the family teaches individuals the behaviour rules, regulations and things that are important and hold value to the people in our society.
Agents of primary socialisation
Family
Agents of secondary socialisation (5)
Education
Peer groups
Media
Religion
Workplace
Nature
Born with certain things fixed.
E.g sex assigned at birth
Nurture
Act the way they do because they are taught by society
Secondary socialisation
When we learn other ways of behaving through ‘agents’ or ‘institutions’ outside the family
Formal agents of social control
-police
-law/legal system
-governments
Informal agents of social control
-family
-peer group
-media
-religion
Processes of social control
-imitation
-sanctions
Peer pressure
-stereotyping
-criticism
Ascribed status
A status a person is born with. E.g member of the royal family
Achieved status
A status that you work for. E.g a teacher
Customs
Traditional forms of behaviour associated with particular social occasions
Subculture
Social group which subscribes to the norms and values of the mainstream society but they may also have some norms and values which are distinct from the rest of society
High culture
Culture of the upper class = ballet, opera, polo
Popular culture
Culture of the ordinary people. =watching tv, cinema, concerts
Global culture
Emerged as a result of globalisation= process where countries become more inter-connected socially, politically and economically. E.g mc Donald’s, reality tv (love island)
Consumer culture
Culture in which the consumption of goods and services is the norm E.g online food shopping
Cultural diversity
A diverse range of groups from different cultural backgrounds living separately in society. E.g range of takeaways, music
Formal social control definition
Any type of regulation that is imposed by the government or other legal body
Informal social control definition
Methods used by society to put pressure on people to behave in a certain way
Culture definition
Language, beliefs, values, norms, customs, roles, knowledge and skills which combine to make up the way of life of any society
Multiculturalism/cultural hybridity
Different cultures living equally in society. The uk is a multicultural society. Multiculturalism promotes the view that all ethnic groups have the same status in society and have an equal right to preserve their own cultural heritage.
E.g world food aisles in shops, range of takeaways
