Induction Booklet

Question 1

Quantitative data

Answer 1

Numerical or statistical data. More objective so more scientific and reduces researcher bias. E.g questionnaires

Question 2

Qualitative data

Answer 2

Expressed textually. In-depth descriptions of social life. More valid and provides a true picture of the social reality of the lives of participants. E.g unstructured interviews

Question 3

Primary methods

Answer 3

First hand research done by the researcher. E.g questionnaires

Question 4

Secondary methods

Answer 4

Second hand researcher. Other people’s data is used is used

Question 5

Validity

Answer 5

How true and accurate the findings are

Question 6

Reliability

Answer 6

Consistency of results

Question 7

Strengths and weaknesses of using a questionnaire for social research

Answer 7

+quick
+uses open and closed questions
+high in reliability
-doesn’t always allow someone to expand -questions can be biased
-people might lie

Question 8

Norms

Answer 8

Specific unwritten and unspoken rules which are socially enforced

Question 9

Values

Answer 9

Basic beliefs that guide the actions of individuals which tell them what is right and wrong

Question 10

Agents of socialisation - either primary or secondary

Answer 10

Individuals socialised through different people and things. E.g family, media and religion

Question 11

Primary socialisation

Answer 11

First stage of life-long process of learning where the family teaches individuals the behaviour rules, regulations and things that are important and hold value to the people in our society.

Question 12

Agents of primary socialisation

Answer 12

Family

Question 13

Agents of secondary socialisation (5)

Answer 13

Education
Peer groups
Media
Religion
Workplace

Question 14

Nature

Answer 14

Born with certain things fixed.
E.g sex assigned at birth

Question 15

Nurture

Answer 15

Act the way they do because they are taught by society

Question 16

Secondary socialisation

Answer 16

When we learn other ways of behaving through ‘agents’ or ‘institutions’ outside the family

Question 17

Formal agents of social control

Answer 17

-police
-law/legal system
-governments

Question 18

Informal agents of social control

Answer 18

-family
-peer group
-media
-religion

Question 19

Processes of social control

Answer 19

-imitation
-sanctions
Peer pressure
-stereotyping
-criticism

Question 20

Ascribed status

Answer 20

A status a person is born with. E.g member of the royal family

Question 21

Achieved status

Answer 21

A status that you work for. E.g a teacher

Question 22

Customs

Answer 22

Traditional forms of behaviour associated with particular social occasions

Question 23

Subculture

Answer 23

Social group which subscribes to the norms and values of the mainstream society but they may also have some norms and values which are distinct from the rest of society

Question 24

High culture

Answer 24

Culture of the upper class = ballet, opera, polo

Question 25

Popular culture

Answer 25

Culture of the ordinary people. =watching tv, cinema, concerts

Question 26

Global culture

Answer 26

Emerged as a result of globalisation= process where countries become more inter-connected socially, politically and economically. E.g mc Donald’s, reality tv (love island)

Question 27

Consumer culture

Answer 27

Culture in which the consumption of goods and services is the norm E.g online food shopping

Question 28

Cultural diversity

Answer 28

A diverse range of groups from different cultural backgrounds living separately in society. E.g range of takeaways, music

Question 29

Formal social control definition

Answer 29

Any type of regulation that is imposed by the government or other legal body

Question 30

Informal social control definition

Answer 30

Methods used by society to put pressure on people to behave in a certain way

Question 31

Culture definition

Answer 31

Language, beliefs, values, norms, customs, roles, knowledge and skills which combine to make up the way of life of any society

Question 32

Multiculturalism/cultural hybridity

Answer 32

Different cultures living equally in society. The uk is a multicultural society. Multiculturalism promotes the view that all ethnic groups have the same status in society and have an equal right to preserve their own cultural heritage.
E.g world food aisles in shops, range of takeaways