Evidence Of Social Inequalities

Question 1

Inequality briefing

Answer 1

Working class disadvantage: workplace
Richest 20% have 60% of overall wealth which is 100 times more than what the bottom 20% have

Question 2

Mac an Ghail

Answer 2

Working class disadvantage - workplace
Deindustrialisation has led to a ‘crisis of masculinity’ amongst working class males = they face unemployment

Question 3

Willis

Answer 3

Working class disadvantage - workplace
Working class males see their futures as working in basic manual labour jobs likely their fathers therefore they do not aspire for more (anti-school subculture)

Question 4

Bourdieu

Answer 4

Working class disadvantage : education
Education system is biased towards dominant classes and it devalues the knowledge and skills of working class through the ‘hidden curriculum’. Also working class lack cultural capital to succeed

Question 5

Jackson

Answer 5

Working class disadvantage : education
Ladettes who adopt anti-school attitudes and have assertive femininity around smoking and arguing with teachers. As a result, they are negatively labelled by their teachers

Question 6

The Department for Education

Answer 6

Working class disadvantage : education
Attainment 8 measures a student’s average grade across 8 subjects based on anything above a 5. Those who have free school meals = 34.4% and those who are not = 48.3%

Question 7

Price

Answer 7

Working class disadvantage : media
‘Poverty porn’ to describe Channel 4’s Benefit street = underclass being exploited by the media to shock and entertain audiences.

Question 8

Jones

Answer 8

Working class disadvantage: media
‘Chavtainment’ portray a negative view of working class as ‘slothful and aggressive’. Changed the view of working class being the ‘scum of the earth’

Question 9

Milliband

Answer 9

Working class disadvantage : media
-media is the ‘opium of the people’ : it distracts us as the working class masses from real social issues faced in a capitalist society
-media is another way we are controlled

Question 10

Walmsley et al

Answer 10

Working class disadvantage : crime
41% of prisoners are from the lowest social classes. But only 19% of the overall population

Question 11

Coles

Answer 11

Working class disadvantage : crime
If you are poor you are more likely to commit crime

Question 12

Harding

Answer 12

Working class disadvantage : crime
Working class youth in London turn to crime for income. = a street casino as they turn to crime and gamble with their lives. They also gain status known as street capital through committing deviant acts

Question 13

Adkins

Answer 13

Female disadvantage : workplace
-horizontal and vertical segregation = disadvantage roles of women. In theme parks, males worked as ride operators whilst women working in catering. These roles caused women to face sexual harassment from staff and customers

Question 14

What is horizontal and vertical segregation?

Answer 14

Horizontal - work in the same workplace but certain aspects have gender barriers
Vertical - men more likely to be higher, women can’t get to certain promotions or do certain jobs

Question 15

Laura Bates - Everyday Sexism Project

Answer 15

Female disadvantage : workplace
In the uk parliament men outnumber women by 4 to 1. Only 18/108 High Court Judges are female

Question 16

The Financial Times

Answer 16

Female disadvantage : workplace
Current gender pay gap suggests both a man and a woman in the same level job worked for one calendar year = a woman would work for free from 30th November. Biggest pay gap is the financial and insurance sector

Question 17

Skelton

Answer 17

Female disadvantage : education
The hidden curriculum negatively influences subject choices

Question 18

Kelly

Answer 18

Female disadvantage : education
Science is packaged as a boys subject = boys dominate science class and are used in examples n textbooks = girls are disengaged from the subject

Question 19

Colley

Answer 19

Female disadvantage : education
Subject choices are negatively influenced by perception of gender roles, subject preferences, learning environment

Question 20

Ferguson

Answer 20

Female disadvantage : media
Content analysis on women’s magazines ‘cult of femininity’ which promotes the idea that excellence is achieved through caring for others, family, marriage and appearance

Question 21

Tuchman

Answer 21

Female disadvantage : media
Narrow range of roles for women led to their ‘symbolic annihilation’ in the media. This refers to the media which omits, trivialises or condemns certain groups that are not socially valued such as women

Question 22

Mulvey

Answer 22

Female disadvantage : media
‘Male gaze’ = women presented as passive objects for male desire

Question 23

Harding

Answer 23

Female disadvantage : crime
Girls took the role as “fixers” and were used by males to hide weapons and drugs. They were also subjected to sexual abuse and harassment from male gang members

Question 24

Everyday Sexism Project- Laura Bates

Answer 24

Female disadvantage: crime
Over 2 women a week in the UK are killed by a current or former partner

Question 25

Leonard

Answer 25

Female disadvantage : crime
Claims that judges label females as ‘doubly deviant’ and judge that they have not only broken laws but also gender roles meaning that they should be punished more harshly

Question 26

Dermott

Answer 26

Male disadvantage : workplace
Argues that men work longer hours than women regardless of their status as fathers

Question 27

Farrell

Answer 27

Male disadvantage : workplace
The ‘glass cellar’ - of the 25 professions ranked lowest, 24 of them are 85-100% male dominated e.g roofer, welder, sewer maintenance

Question 28

Benatar

Answer 28

Male disadvantage : workplace
In his book ‘the Second Sexism’ states that the least desirable and most dangerous jobs, and those with least pay and security remain largely the domain of men