Social Class and Achievement External Factors

Question 1

Who is the sociologist for Language?

Answer 1

Bernstein

Question 2

What does Bernstein argue for Language?

Answer 2

The working classes use of restricted code leads to their underachievement

Question 3

What’s the 2 types of code?

Answer 3

Elaborated code
Restricted code

Question 4

Explain the Elaborated code

Answer 4

Varied vocabulary and complex grammatical structures

Question 5

Who is the Elaborative code used by?

Answer 5

Middle class

Question 6

Who is the Restricted code used by?

Answer 6

Working class

Question 7

Explain the Restricted code

Answer 7

Informal and colloquial sentences with limited vocabulary

Question 8

Who is the support sociologist for Language?

Answer 8

Hubbs

Question 9

What does Hubbs argue for Language?

Answer 9

Found that using challenging language towards kids to evaluate their abilities, improves their cognitive performance.
Feinstein supports this

Question 10

Who is the extra sociologist for Language?

not labov

Answer 10

Feinstein

Question 11

What does Feinstein argue for Language?

Answer 11

Less educated parents use limited language towards children, leading to their limited vocab skills. This decreased cognitive performance

Question 12

What is the overall impact of the Restricted code for kids?

Answer 12

Lack of complex vocabulary limits their ability to explain, compare, describe.
= Unable to take advantage of the opportunities that schools offer

Question 13

Who is the critique sociologist for Language?

Answer 13

Tronya and Williams

Question 14

What do Tronya and Williams critique for Language?

Answer 14

The problem is not the child’s language, but the school’s attitude towards it.
Teachers have a ‘speech hierarchy’

Question 15

Who is the extra critique for Language?

Answer 15

Labov

Question 16

What does Labov critique for Language?

Answer 16

Criticised Bernstein for alluding to elaborated code as superior, describes working class speech as ‘inadequate’.
Only the cultural dominance that makes the elaborated code seem superior

Question 17

Who is the sociologist for Parents Education?

Answer 17

Douglas

Question 18

What does Douglas argue for Parents Education?

Answer 18

W/C parents place less value on children’s education

Question 19

What’s 2 W/C points for Parents Education?

Answer 19

Less ambitious for children
= Lower levels of motivation and achievement

Less likely to discuss child’s grades, visit the schools less

Question 20

What’s 2 M/C points for Parents Education?

Answer 20

More aware of what child needs
Reading, teaching letters and songs, help with hw

Parents encourage trips to museums and libraries

Question 21

Who is the support for Parents Education?

Answer 21

Bernstein + Young

Question 22

What does Bernstein + Young argue?

Answer 22

M/C mothers more likely to buy educational toys, books, activities that stimulate cognitive performance

Question 23

Who is the critique for Parents Education?

Answer 23

Blackstone and Mortimer

Question 24

What do Blackstone and Mortimer argue?

Answer 24

W/C do care about parents evening, but often don’t have the time for it
(shifts, children)

Question 25

Who is the sociologist for Working Class subcultures?

Answer 25

Barry Sugarman

Question 26

What does Sugarman argue for Working Class subcultures?

Answer 26

The lack of parental interest in children’s learning reflects subculture views

Question 27

What are the 4 w/c subcultures?

Answer 27

Fatalism - Lack of care about education
Collectivism - Lack of individualism, value a group more
Immediate Gratification - Pleasure over sacrifice
Present time Orientation - Seeing here and now rather than the future

Question 28

Who is the critique for Working Class Subcultures?

Answer 28

Nell Keddie

Question 29

What does Nell Keddie critique for Working Class Subcultures?

Answer 29

Cultural Deprivation is victim blaming
A child cannot be deprived, they are culturally different as the education system prioritises middle class