Social Class and Achievement External Factors Flashcards
Who is the sociologist for Language?
Bernstein
What does Bernstein argue for Language?
The working classes use of restricted code leads to their underachievement
What’s the 2 types of code?
Elaborated code
Restricted code
Explain the Elaborated code
Varied vocabulary and complex grammatical structures
Who is the Elaborative code used by?
Middle class
Who is the Restricted code used by?
Working class
Explain the Restricted code
Informal and colloquial sentences with limited vocabulary
Who is the support sociologist for Language?
Hubbs
What does Hubbs argue for Language?
Found that using challenging language towards kids to evaluate their abilities, improves their cognitive performance.
Feinstein supports this
Who is the extra sociologist for Language?
not labov
Feinstein
What does Feinstein argue for Language?
Less educated parents are less likely to use challenging vocab
Decreases cognitive performance
What is the overall impact of the Restricted code for kids?
Limited vocabulary, harder to take advantage of school opportunities
Who is the critique sociologist for Language?
Tronya and Williams
What do Tronya and Williams critique for Language?
The problem is not the child’s language, but the school’s attitude towards it.
Teachers have a ‘speech hierarchy’
Who is the extra critique for Language?
Labov
What does Labov critique for Language?
Criticised Bernstein for alluding to elaborated code as superior,
He describes working class speech as ‘inadequate’.
Who is the sociologist for Parents Education?
Douglas
What does Douglas argue for Parents Education?
W/C parents place less value on children’s education
What’s 2 W/C points for Parents Education?
Less aware of what child needs
Less motivation, help with hw
Less likely to discuss child’s grades, visit the schools
What’s 2 M/C points for Parents Education?
More aware of what child needs
Reading, teaching letters and songs, help with hw
Parents encourage trips to museums and libraries
Who is the support for Parents Education?
Bernstein + Young
What does Bernstein + Young argue?
M/C mothers more likely to buy educational toys, books, activities that stimulate cognitive performance
Who is the critique for Parents Education?
Blackstone and Mortimer
What do Blackstone and Mortimer argue?
W/C do care about parents evening, but often don’t have the time for it
(shifts, children)
Who is the sociologist for Working Class subcultures?
Barry Sugarman
What does Sugarman argue for Working Class subcultures?
The lack of parental interest in children’s learning reflects subculture views
What are the 4 w/c subcultures?
Fatalism - Lack of care about education
Collectivism - Lack of individualism, value a group more
Immediate Gratification - Pleasure over sacrifice
Present time Orientation - Seeing here and now rather than the future
Who is the critique for Working Class Subcultures?
Nell Keddie
What does Nell Keddie critique for Working Class Subcultures?
Cultural Deprivation is victim blaming
Myth theory
