Girls and Achievement Internal Factors Flashcards
Who is the sociologist for Equal Opportunity policies?
Jo Boaler
Explain the Equal Opportunities Policies
Education system becoming more aware of gender stereotypes
boys and girls are entitled to the same opportunities
What are the 2 programs for equal opportunity?
GIST = girls into science and technology
WISE = women into science and engineering
How has equal opportunity helped girls to improve?
The learning materials in science are more adapted to girls interests
= More involved, motivated leading to overachievement
What is the critique of equal opportunity policy?
Careers are still highly male dominated
Wage inequality is still prominent today
Explain Positive Rolemodels
Women in senior positions act as a role model for girl students
Provide an example of positive role models
In 1992, 22% were female headteachers
In 2020, 40% were female headteachers
How has positive role models helped girls to improve?
It shows that women can achieve positions of importance in non traditional roles
Improves participation in classes via hard work and motivation
What is the critique for positive role model?
Women face the glass ceiling: girls can see the jobs but cannot reach them because of the barrier
Who is the sociologist for GCSE and Coursework?
Stephen Garad
Explain GCSE coursework
Stephen Garad saw a disparity in gender achievement from 1975 to 1989 until the introduction of coursework
Who are the studies for GCSE Coursework?
Mitosis and Browne
What is Mitosis and Brown’s study?
Girls are more successful in coursework = conscientious & organised, spend more time on work, presentation, meeting deadlines, better equipped to lesson
Who is the critique for GCSE and Coursework?
Elwood
What does Elwood critique for GCSE and Coursework?
Coursework is only 20% of the final grade, written holds 80%
Most coursework subjects have been abolished since 2015
Who are the sociologists for Teacher Attention?
Jane and Peter French
What do Jane and Peter French argue?
How teacher interaction affects long term learning
They analysed a classroom = boys received more attention because of behaviour reprimands
What is an example for Teacher attention?
Swann
Girls are seen as the Ideal Pupil: passive and polite in class to teachers
Who does the study for Teacher Attention?
Swann
What is Swann’s study?
They found gender differences in communication styles
Boys = Dominated whole class discussions, with hostile speech interruptions
Girls = Listened more attentively during whole class discussions rather than speaking, enjoyed paired work.
In paired = more turn taking and co-operation
Teachers responded more positively to girls as they were seen more operative than disruptive
What is the critique for Teacher Attention?
It can be biased because Archer’s study shows that not all girls are passive and docile with the hypersexualised identity.
What is an additional sociologist for Teacher Attention?
Becky Francis
What does Becky Francis argue.
Although boys gained more attention, they often felt picked on more and disciplined more harshly compared to girls
Who is the sociologist for challenging stereotypes in the Curriculum?
Gaby Weiner
What does Gaby Weiner argue?
The removal of gender stereotypes and sexist imgs in textbooks has removed the barrier to achievement
She argues how teachers have began to challenge them since the 1980’s
What is an example for challenging stereotypes in the curriculum?
Through 1970’s and 80’s research
- Physics textbook = girls shown as afraid of science
- Maths = Depicted boys as more inventive
- Reading Schemes = Girls shown as housewives and mothers
How has Challenging Stereotypes in the Curriculum helped girls to improve?
The removal provides more hope for future careers without being judged
What is the critique for Challenging Stereotypes in the curriculum?
Gender stereotypes are still used by people, not only textbooks
They demotivate girls more than textbooks
Who is the sociologist for Selection and League tables?
David Jackson
What does David Jackson argue?
That exam league tables have improved girls opportunities
IQ tests have created a competitive climate:
What is the critique for Selection and League tables?
Cream skimming and silk shifting
Who is the study for Selection and League tables?
Roger Slee
What is Roger Slee’s study about?
Boys are seen as the “liability students” to improving the school’s league table scores
