Girls and Achievement Internal Factors

Question 1

Who is the sociologist for Equal Opportunity policies?

Answer 1

Jo Boaler

Question 2

Explain the Equal Opportunities Policies

Answer 2

Education system becoming more aware of gender stereotypes
Belief that boys and girls are entitled to the same opportunities

Question 3

What are the 2 programs for equal opportunity?

Answer 3

GIST = girls into science and technology
WISE = women into science and engineering

Question 4

How has equal opportunity helped girls to improve?

Answer 4

The learning materials in science are more adapted to girls interests
= More involved, motivated leading to overachievement

Question 5

What is the critique of equal opportunity policy?

Answer 5

Careers are still highly male dominated
Wage inequality is still prominent today

Question 6

Explain Positive Rolemodels

Answer 6

Women in senior positions act as a role model for girl students

Question 7

Provide an example of positive role models

Answer 7

In 1992, 22% were female headteachers
In 2020, 40% were female headteachers

Question 8

How has positive role models helped girls to improve?

Answer 8

It shows that women can achieve positions of importance in non traditional roles
Improves participation in classes via hard work and motivation

Question 9

What is the critique for positive role model?

Answer 9

Women face the glass ceiling: girls can see the jobs but cannot reach them because of the barrier

Question 10

Who is the sociologist for GCSE and Coursework?

Answer 10

Stephen Garad

Question 11

Explain GCSE coursework

Answer 11

Stephen Garad saw a disparity in gender achievement from 1975 to 1989 until the introduction of coursework

Question 12

Who are the studies for GCSE Coursework?

Answer 12

Mitosis and Brown

Question 13

What is Mitosis and Brown’s study?

Answer 13

Girls are more successful in coursework = conscientious & organised, spend more time on work, presentation, meeting deadlines, better equipped to lesson

Question 14

Who is the critique for GCSE and Coursework?

Answer 14

Elwood

Question 15

What does Elwood critique for GCSE and Coursework?

Answer 15

Coursework is only 20% of the final grade, written holds 80%
Most coursework subjects have been abolished since 2015

Question 16

Who are the sociologists for Teacher Attention?

Answer 16

Jane and Peter French

Question 17

What do Jane and Peter French argue?

Answer 17

How teacher interaction affects long term learning
They analysed a classroom = boys received more attention because of behaviour reprimands

Question 18

What is an example for Teacher attention?

Answer 18

Girls are seen as the Ideal Pupil: passive and polite in class to teachers

Question 19

Who does the study for Teacher Attention?

Answer 19

Swann

Question 20

What is Swann’s study?

Answer 20

They found gender differences in communication styles
Boys = Dominated whole class discussions, with hostile speech interruptions
Girls = Listened more attentively during whole class discussions rather than speaking, enjoyed paired work.
In paired = more turn taking and co-operation
Teachers responded more positively to girls as they were seen more operative than disruptive

Question 21

What is the critique for Teacher Attention?

Answer 21

Boys receive more attention than girls, which affect their long time achievement results

Question 22

What is an additional sociologist for Teacher Attention?

Answer 22

Becky Francis

Question 23

What does Becky Francis argue.

Answer 23

Although boys gained more attention, they often felt picked on more and disciplined more harshly compared to girls

Question 24

Who is the sociologist for challenging stereotypes in the Curriculum?

Answer 24

Gaby Weiner

Question 25

What does Gaby Weiner argue?

Answer 25

The removal of gender stereotypes and sexist imgs in textbooks has removed the barrier to achievement
She argues how teachers have began to challenge them since the 1980’s

Question 26

What is an example for challenging stereotypes in the curriculum?

Answer 26

Through 1970’s and 80’s research
- Physics textbook = girls shown as afraid of science
- Maths = Depicted boys as more inventive
- Reading Schemes = Girls shown as housewives and mothers

Question 27

How has Challenging Stereotypes in the Curriculum helped girls to improve?

Answer 27

The removal provides more hope for future careers without being judged

Question 28

What is the critique for Challenging Stereotypes in the curriculum?

Answer 28

Gender stereotypes are still used by people, not only textbooks
They demotivate girls more than textbooks

Question 29

Who is the sociologist for Selection and League tables?

Answer 29

David Jackson

Question 30

What does David Jackson argue?

Answer 30

That exam league tables have improved girls opportunities
IQ tests have created a competitive climate: hardworking girls are more desirable to good quality schools, whereas low achieving are not desirable.

Question 31

What is an example for Selection and League tables?

Answer 31

In 2013
W/C girls achieved A- C GCSEs with free school meals
2/3 of girls with non free school meals received A- C GCSEs

Question 32

Who is the study for Selection and League tables?

Answer 32

Roger Slee

Question 33

What is Roger Slee’s study about?

Answer 33

Boys are seen as the “liability students” to improving the school’s league table scores
They are more likely to have behaviour issues & excluded more often, resulting in low achievement and seen as unattractive to school recruitments

Question 34

What are the critiques for Selection and League tables?

Answer 34

Boys are labelled from teachers as opposing authority
The IQ tests are inaccurate and the pupils are not guaranteed to be at the same level in a year
= They’re an inaccurate measure of IQ