Ethnicity and Achievement External Factors

Question 1

Who were the sociologists for Black, Language & Linguistic skills?

Answer 1

Beireter and Engellmen

Question 2

What do the sociologists for Black language say?

Answer 2

That Black speech of low income USA families is inadequate and is “ungrammatical”.

Question 3

Who are the critiques for Black Language sociologists?

Answer 3

April Baker-Bell and Labov

Question 4

What does the girl critique of black language say?

Answer 4

April says that B&E have “Anti-Black Linguistic skills”.
White and Black speech codes are equally valid.
Linguistic Violence occurs when society dictates which speech code is more superior.

Question 5

What does the boy critique of Black Language say?

Answer 5

Labov says that Black Speech is “perfectly logical”.

Question 6

Explain Asian Language & Linguistic Skills

Answer 6

English is not their main language, there are barriers of understanding in the curriculum.

Question 7

Explain White Language & Linguistic Skills

Answer 7

White speech codes are superior, they dominate the education system.
Whilst the White working class code is restricted and a barrier.

Question 8

Explain Asian Attitudes and Values

Answer 8

Lupton shows that Asians view education as a “way up in society”, making them more success driven (Chinese & Indians).
They have an ambition, and willingness to make sacrifices for long term goals.

Question 9

Explain Sewell’s study of Black Attitudes and Values

Answer 9

The absent role of a father affects the black boy’s mental and behavioural wellbeing, resulting in street gangs welcoming them in.

Question 10

Explain Chris Arnot’s support study for Sewell Black Attitudes and Values

Answer 10

Black boys adopt the “Ultra tough ghetto superstar” image, inspired black masculinity role models through media, rap lyrics and videos.
This image is anti-school & education black masculinity.

Question 11

Explain White Attitudes and Values

Answer 11

Gillian Evans studies how the street culture in white w/c areas are brutal, pupils have to learn how to withstand intimidation, vice versa.
Disrupts the school learning.

Question 12

Who is the critique of Sewell Attitude and Values?

Answer 12

Gillborn

Question 13

What does Gillborn argue/critique about Attitude and Values?

Answer 13

He believes that Sewell undermines impact of racism. Underachievement is not a result of the absent father & peer pressure, but a result of ‘Institutional Racism’.

Question 14

What does Sewell say about Peer pressure?

Answer 14

Young black intelligent black boys experience black on black peer pressure, as using standardized English is selling out to the white establishments.

Question 15

What is Sewell’s quote about peer pressure?

Answer 15

“The biggest barrier facing Black boys is actually black peer pressure”

Question 16

Who is the sociologist for Asian Family Structures?

Answer 16

Ruth Lupton

Question 17

What does Ruth Lupton say for Asian Family Structures?

Answer 17

Asian families have “Adult Authority”, kids respect the elders which is a knock on effect to the school system, and why they excel more than other students.

Question 18

What does Pryce say?

Answer 18

Black Caribbean families are less resistant to racism, and less cohesive compared to Asian families. As a result, many black pupils have low self esteem and underachieve.

Question 18

Who are the sociologists for Black Family Structures?

Answer 18

Daniel Moynihan & Pryce

Question 18

What does Moynihan say?

Answer 18

That often black families are led by a lone mother, depriving the child(s) of adequate socialisation as they are taking the male ‘breadwinner’ role
Poor upbringing as there’s no one to support the kid(s)

Question 19

Who is the sociologist for White Family Structures?

Answer 19

Ruth Lupton

Question 20

What does Ruth Lupton say about White Family Structures?

Answer 20

Through the study of 4 schools
2 Mainly white W/C, 1 mainly Pakistani, 1 ethnically mixed school.
Found that teachers reported poor behaviour of mainly English White W/C schools. Blamed on parents negative education on mindset

Question 21

Who are the critiques of Family Structures?

Answer 21

Driver and Nell Keddie

Question 22

What does Driver critique on Family Structures?

Answer 22

He criticises cultural deprivation theorists for ignoring positive effects of black Caribbean family structures.
They develop many strong independent black women, it’s why black girls tend to be more success driven than black boys.

Question 23

What does Nell Keddie critique on Family Structures?

Answer 23

Ethnic minority groups are culturally different, not culturally deprived. To blame it on schools as they’re ethnocentric to Whites and dismiss other ethnic minorities.