Ethnicity and Achievement Internal Factors Flashcards
Who studies Labelling and Teacher racism?
Gilborn and Youdell
What did Gilborn and Youdell find out in Labelling and Teacher racism?
Teachers hold racialised expectations of students in different ethnic groups, leading to underachievement
What did Gilborn and Youdell find out about Black students?
Anti-authority
as a result they are placed in lower streams
What did Gilborn and Youdell find out about Asian students treatment?
- Simplistic language spoken to them
- Excluded from group discussions
- Mispronounced names
How are Asian girls seen as to teachers?
That the Chinese succeed in the ‘wrong’ way, they’re hardworking BUT passive.
What is an example of Labelling and Teacher racism towards Blacks?
High exclusion rates impacting achievement, more likely to be placed in isolation room aswell because of anti authority
Who did the study of Labelling and Teacher racism?
Archer
What does Archer study?
Ideal pupil identity = White M/C, heterosexual
Pathological pupil identity = Succeed through hard work
Demonised pupil identity = Black & White W/C, hypersexualised
Who are the critics of Labelling and Teacher Racism?
Fuller Mac and Ghail
What did Fuller Mac and Ghail critique?
The black girls were placed in lower streams and achieved well despite the negative racist stereotypes.
Labelling does not always reflect a negative pattern
Who studies the Ethnocentric Curriculum?
Tronya Williams and Ball
What did Tronya Williams and Ball find out?
That the curriculum favours white culture whilst disregarding others
What do Tronya and Ball argue?
Tronya = European languages taught more than Asian, the national curriculum is ‘specifically British’
Ball = The national curriculum creates the “Mythical age of empire and past glories”, ignoring Black and Asian history overall.
What is an example of an Ethnocentric Curriculum?
Euro languages taught more; Spanish, French and isolating others like Arabic or Greek.
Not permitting colourful hairstyles as natural fit in more with the middle class habitus
Who did the study of Ethnocentric Curriculum?
Board
What does Board argue?
The curriculum produces underachievement
- Negative img of black = low self esteem
- The British are shown as bringing civilisation to the ‘primitive’ people they colonised (white mb)
What is the criticism of the Ethnocentric Curriculum?
- School’s culture day
- School’s acknowledgement of religious holidays, not just Christmas, but also Eid.
Who studies Marketisation and Selection?
Gilborn and RoithMayr
What is Gilborn and RoithMayr’s point
ethnic inequality is deeply rooted
What is an example of unconscious racism?
Schools not allowing hairstyles that could be indigenous or relating to a pupil’s culture
Who did their study on Marketisation and Selection?
Moore and Davenport
What did Moore and Davenport find out in their studies?
How selection produces ethnic segregation
- Primary school reports screen out pupils with language difficulties
- Application hard for ethnic parents understand
What is an extra support for Moore and Davenports study?
The Commission for Racial Equality
What does The Commission for Racial Equality find out?
Stereotypical primary reports
- Racist bias interviews
- Application only in English
- Ethnic parents are unaware of deadlines or importance of waiting list systems for schools
What is the critique of the Ethnocentric curriculum?
The cafeteria is less ethnocentric and more inclusive to cultural food
- Halal meat, pasta, jollof, tacos, kebabs and more
Who studies Assessment?
Gilborn
What is Gilborns point about Assessment?
The assessment game is ‘rigged’, they want to only emphasise 1 ethnicity.
Baseline assessment -> FSP assessment
What is Gilborn’s quote about Assessment?
“Rules will be changed to re-engineer failure”
An example of Assessment
In a Local Authority in 2000, black pupils were the highest achievers, 20% above the average
But by 2005, black pupils were ranked lower than white pupils
Who did the study in Assessment?
Scanders and Horn in GCSE
What was the study in Assessment by Scanders and Horn?
More responsibility given to tasks marked by teacher rather than written, widening ethnic minority gaps.
What was the FSP and Baseline Assessments based on?
Teachers judgement of ability whilst baseline were written.
FSP completed end of reception year = Labelling completed
Baseline at the start of the year = Labelling not yet started
Who studies the New IQism?
Gilborn and Youdell
What is Gilborn and Youdells point on ‘New IQism’?
The institutional racism creates an environment where ethnic minorities are automatically disadvantaged
What is an example of Gilborn and Youdell’s ‘New IQism’?
Teachers hold racialised expectations that black pupils are Anti-Authority
The study/further point of ‘New IQism’?
(Not a sociologist)
School’s have an outdated IQ styled test to allocate different streams on entry
Gilborn = “No genuine measure of potential”, the test is unfair.
Who studies the Access Opportuntity?
Gilborn
Purpose of the Access Opportunity?
‘Gifted Talented programme’ meets needs of more able students in inner city schools
What is Steve Strands analysis of…
Young pupils in England
What was Steve Strands analysis report?
- Black and White educational gap in Maths & Science of age 14
- Black under-represented in high tier entry tests
Example of the Access Opportunity?
Whites are 2x more likely to be ‘gifted’ than Black Caribbean and 5x more than Black African
Who did the study for Access Opportunity?
Tikly Et Al
What did Tikly Et Al study?
The ‘Aiming High’ programme
- Raise Black C achievement
= Enter in H tier
Hows is the ‘New IQism’ structure set in schools
Teachers set the “right” stream on attainment, behaviour, and perceptions of their attitudes
Who studies Racism in the Wider society?
Wood and Rex
What does Wood say about Racism?
Ethnic minorities given less interviews compared to White people
What’s the result of Racism in the wider society?
Shows how racial discrimination leads to social exclusion
What does Rex say about discrimination?
Minorites often forced into sub-standardised accommodation than white people of the same class
