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Sociology > Ethnicity and Achievement Internal Factors > Flashcards

Ethnicity and Achievement Internal Factors Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who studies Labelling and Teacher racism?

A

Gilborn and Youdell

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2
Q

What did Gilborn and Youdell find out in Labelling and Teacher racism?

A

Teachers hold racialised expectations of students in different ethnic groups, leading to underachievement

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3
Q

What did Gilborn and Youdell find out about Black students?

A

Teachers expect them to have more discipline problems ( Anti-authority), as a result they are placed in lower streams

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4
Q

What did Gilborn and Youdell find out about Asian students?

A

Teachers assumed they had a lower grasp of English, so often left them out of class discussions and used simplistic language to them.
Resulting in low self esteem, isolated and their names are often mispronounced.

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5
Q

What is an example of Labelling and Teacher racism towards Asians?

A

The Asian girls are seen as passive, docile and quiet
That the Chinese succeed in the ‘wrong’ way, they’re hardworking BUT passive.

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6
Q

What is an example of Labelling and Teacher racism towards Blacks?

A

High exclusion rates impacting achievement, more likely to be placed in isolation room aswell because of the stereotype.

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7
Q

Who did the study of Labelling and Teacher racism?

A

Archer

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8
Q

What does Archer study?

A

Ideal pupil identity = White middle class, heterosexual
Pathological pupil identity = Feminised, oppressed sexuality, succeeding via hard work
Demonised pupil identity = Black & White working class, hyper sexualised identity.

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9
Q

Who are the critics of Labelling and Teacher Racism?

A

Fuller Mac and Ghail

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10
Q

What did Fuller Mac and Ghail critique?

A

The black girls were placed in lower streams and achieved well despite the negative racist stereotypes.
Labelling does not always reflect a negative paradigm

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11
Q

Who studies the Ethnocentric Curriculum?

A

Tronya Williams and Ball

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12
Q

What did Tronya Williams and Ball find out?

A

That the curriculum favours white culture whilst disregarding others

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13
Q

Explain more about Tronya and Ball’s findings

A

Tronya = European languages taught more than Asian, the national curriculum is ‘specifically British’
Ball = The national curriculum creates the “Mythical age of empire and past glories”, ignoring Black and Asian history overall.

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14
Q

What is an example of an Ethnocentric Curriculum?

A

Euro languages taught more; Spanish, French and isolating others like Urdu or Greek.
Not permitting colourful hairstyles as natural fit in more with the middle class habitus

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15
Q

Who did the study of Ethnocentric Curriculum?

A

Board

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16
Q

What did Board study?

A

The curriculum produced underachievement
- Produces the inferior black people image, thus lowering self esteem, leading to failure
- The British presented as bringing civilisation to the ‘primitive’ people they colonised

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17
Q

What is the criticism of the Ethnocentric Curriculum?

A
  • School’s culture day
  • School’s acknowledgement of religious holidays, not just Christmas, but also Eid.
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18
Q

Who studies Marketisation and Selection?

A

Gilborn and RoithMayr

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19
Q

What is Gilborn and RoithMayr’s point

A

How ethnic inequality is deeply rooted in the education system, and that it no longer needs to be conscious racism.

20
Q

Explain about Gilborn and RoithMayr’s findings…

A

The racism becomes unconscious,
Ethnic minorities more likely to join unpopular schools based on teacher’s rooted racism

21
Q

What is an example of unconscious racism?

A

Schools not allowing hairstyles that could be indigenous or relating to a pupil’s culture

22
Q

Who did their study on Marketisation and Selection?

A

Moore and Davenport

23
Q

What did Moore and Davenport find out in their studies?

A

How selection produces ethnic segregation
- Primary school reports used to screen out pupils with language difficulties ( Non-English )
Application process difficult for Non English parents to understand
- ^ Application Q favours more towards English speaking parents.

24
Q

What is an extra support for Moore and Davenports study?

A

The Commission for Racial Equality

25
Q

What does The Commission for Racial Equality find out?

A

For secondary school applications, the reports from primary schools are stereotypical. e.g. ethnic kid w/c = dumb
- Racist bias in interviews
- Lack of information and application in more than 1 language
- Ethnic parents are unaware of deadlines or importance of waiting list systems for schools

26
Q

What is the critique of the Ethnocentric curriculum?

A

The cafeteria is less ethnocentric and more inclusive to cultural food
- Halal meat, pasta, jollof, tacos, kebabs and more

27
Q

Who studies Assessment?

A

Gilborn

28
Q

What is Gilborns point about Assessment?

A

The assessment game is ‘rigged’, they want to only emphasise 1 ethnicity.

29
Q

What is Gilborns quote about Assessment?

A

“Rules will be changed to re-engineer failure”

30
Q

Elaborate on Gilborns findings about Assessment?

A

Baseline assessment were in favour of Black kids, so they changed it to FSP.
FSP worsened black kids success whilst favouring white kids.

31
Q

An example of Assessment

A

In a Local Authority in 2000, black pupils were the highest achievers, 20% above the average
But by 2005, black pupils were ranked lower than white pupils

32
Q

Who did the study in Assessment?

A

Scanders and Horn in GCSE

33
Q

What was the study in Assessment by Scanders and Horn?

A

More responsibility given to tasks marked by teacher rather than written, widening ethnic minority gaps.

34
Q

What was the FSP and Baseline Assessments based on?

A

Teachers judgement of ability whilst baseline were written.
FSP completed end of reception year = Labelling completed
Baseline at the start of the year = Labelling not yet started

35
Q

Who studies the New IQism?

A

Gilborn and Youdell

36
Q

What is Gilborn and Youdells point on ‘New IQism’?

A

Education system is institutionally racist to ethnic groups

37
Q

What is Gilborn and Youdell’s study on ‘New IQism’?

A

The institutional racism creates an environment where ethnic minorities are automatically disadvantaged
- Teachers set the “right” stream on attainment, behaviour, and perceptions of their attitudes

38
Q

What is an example of Gilborn and Youdell’s ‘New IQism’?

A

Teachers hold racialised expectations that black pupils pose more disciplinary actions

39
Q

The study/further point of ‘New IQism’?
(Not a sociologist)

A

School’s have an outdated IQ styled test to allocate different streams on entry
Gilborn = “No genuine measure of potential”, the test is unfair. Because it’s only on what they have studied, their future is unclear.

40
Q

Who studies the Access Opportuntity?

A

Gilborn

41
Q

Purpose of the Access Opportunity?

A

‘Gifted Talented programme’ meets needs of more able students in inner city schools

42
Q

What is Steve Strands analysis of…

A

Young pupils in England

43
Q

What was Steve Strands analysis report?

A
  • There’s a Black and White educational gap in Maths & Science of age 14
  • Black under-represented in high tier entry tests
    Ethnic groups in the entry tests reflect the teachers self fulfilling prophecy
44
Q

Example of the Access Opportunity?

A

Whites are 2x more likely to be ‘gifted’ than Black Caribbean and 5x more than Black African

45
Q

Who did the study for Access Opportunity?

A

Tikly Et Al

46
Q

What did Tikly Et Al study?

A

The ‘Aiming High’ programme is to raise black Caribbean achievement as black pupils are more likely to be entered for lower tier GCSE than white pupils.

Sociology (5 decks)

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