Ethnicity and Achievement Internal Factors

Question 1

Who studies Labelling and Teacher racism?

Answer 1

Gilborn and Youdell

Question 2

What did Gilborn and Youdell find out in Labelling and Teacher racism?

Answer 2

Teachers hold racialised expectations of students in different ethnic groups, leading to underachievement

Question 3

What did Gilborn and Youdell find out about Black students?

Answer 3

Teachers expect them to have more discipline problems ( Anti-authority), as a result they are placed in lower streams

Question 4

What did Gilborn and Youdell find out about Asian students treatment?

Answer 4

Teachers assumed they had a lower grasp of English, so often left them out of class discussions and used simplistic language to them.
Resulting in low self esteem, isolated and their names are often mispronounced.

Question 5

How are Asian girls seen as to teachers?

Answer 5

The Asian girls are seen as passive, docile and quiet
That the Chinese succeed in the ‘wrong’ way, they’re hardworking BUT passive.

Question 6

What is an example of Labelling and Teacher racism towards Blacks?

Answer 6

High exclusion rates impacting achievement, more likely to be placed in isolation room aswell because of anti authority

Question 7

Who did the study of Labelling and Teacher racism?

Answer 7

Archer

Question 8

What does Archer study?

Answer 8

Ideal pupil identity = White middle class, heterosexual
Pathological pupil identity = Feminised, oppressed sexuality, succeeding via hard work
Demonised pupil identity = Black & White working class, hyper sexualised identity.

Question 9

Who are the critics of Labelling and Teacher Racism?

Answer 9

Fuller Mac and Ghail

Question 10

What did Fuller Mac and Ghail critique?

Answer 10

The black girls were placed in lower streams and achieved well despite the negative racist stereotypes.
Labelling does not always reflect a negative pattern

Question 11

Who studies the Ethnocentric Curriculum?

Answer 11

Tronya Williams and Ball

Question 12

What did Tronya Williams and Ball find out?

Answer 12

That the curriculum favours white culture whilst disregarding others

Question 13

What do Tronya and Ball argue?

Answer 13

Tronya = European languages taught more than Asian, the national curriculum is ‘specifically British’
Ball = The national curriculum creates the “Mythical age of empire and past glories”, ignoring Black and Asian history overall.

Question 14

What is an example of an Ethnocentric Curriculum?

Answer 14

Euro languages taught more; Spanish, French and isolating others like Arabic or Greek.
Not permitting colourful hairstyles as natural fit in more with the middle class habitus

Question 15

Who did the study of Ethnocentric Curriculum?

Answer 15

Board

Question 16

What does Board argue?

Answer 16

The curriculum produces underachievement
- Negative img of black = low self esteem
- The British are shown as bringing civilisation to the ‘primitive’ people they colonised (white mb)

Question 17

What is the criticism of the Ethnocentric Curriculum?

Answer 17

• School’s culture day
• School’s acknowledgement of religious holidays, not just Christmas, but also Eid.

Question 18

Who studies Marketisation and Selection?

Answer 18

Gilborn and RoithMayr

Question 19

What is Gilborn and RoithMayr’s point

Answer 19

How ethnic inequality is deeply rooted in the education system
The racism becomes unconscious,
Ethnic minorities more likely to join unpopular schools based on teacher’s rooted racism

Question 20

What is an example of unconscious racism?

Answer 20

Schools not allowing hairstyles that could be indigenous or relating to a pupil’s culture

Question 21

Who did their study on Marketisation and Selection?

Answer 21

Moore and Davenport

Question 22

What did Moore and Davenport find out in their studies?

Answer 22

How selection produces ethnic segregation
- Primary school reports screen out pupils with language difficulties
- Application hard for ethnic parents understand

Question 23

What is an extra support for Moore and Davenports study?

Answer 23

The Commission for Racial Equality

Question 24

What does The Commission for Racial Equality find out?

Answer 24

Stereotypical primary reports
- Racist bias interviews
- Application only in English
- Ethnic parents are unaware of deadlines or importance of waiting list systems for schools

Question 25

What is the critique of the Ethnocentric curriculum?

Answer 25

The cafeteria is less ethnocentric and more inclusive to cultural food
- Halal meat, pasta, jollof, tacos, kebabs and more

Question 26

Who studies Assessment?

Answer 26

Gilborn

Question 27

What is Gilborns point about Assessment?

Answer 27

The assessment game is ‘rigged’, they want to only emphasise 1 ethnicity.

Baseline assessment -> FSP assessment

Question 28

What is Gilborn’s quote about Assessment?

Answer 28

“Rules will be changed to re-engineer failure”

Question 29

An example of Assessment

Answer 29

In a Local Authority in 2000, black pupils were the highest achievers, 20% above the average
But by 2005, black pupils were ranked lower than white pupils

Question 30

Who did the study in Assessment?

Answer 30

Scanders and Horn in GCSE

Question 31

What was the study in Assessment by Scanders and Horn?

Answer 31

More responsibility given to tasks marked by teacher rather than written, widening ethnic minority gaps.

Question 32

What was the FSP and Baseline Assessments based on?

Answer 32

Teachers judgement of ability whilst baseline were written.
FSP completed end of reception year = Labelling completed
Baseline at the start of the year = Labelling not yet started

Question 33

Who studies the New IQism?

Answer 33

Gilborn and Youdell

Question 34

What is Gilborn and Youdells point on ‘New IQism’?

Answer 34

The institutional racism creates an environment where ethnic minorities are automatically disadvantaged

Question 35

What is an example of Gilborn and Youdell’s ‘New IQism’?

Answer 35

Teachers hold racialised expectations that black pupils pose more disciplinary actions

Question 36

The study/further point of ‘New IQism’?
(Not a sociologist)

Answer 36

School’s have an outdated IQ styled test to allocate different streams on entry
Gilborn = “No genuine measure of potential”, the test is unfair.

Question 37

Who studies the Access Opportuntity?

Answer 37

Gilborn

Question 38

Purpose of the Access Opportunity?

Answer 38

‘Gifted Talented programme’ meets needs of more able students in inner city schools

Question 39

What is Steve Strands analysis of…

Answer 39

Young pupils in England

Question 40

What was Steve Strands analysis report?

Answer 40

• There’s a Black and White educational gap in Maths & Science of age 14
• Black under-represented in high tier entry tests
  Ethnic groups in the entry tests reflect the teachers self fulfilling prophecy

Question 41

Example of the Access Opportunity?

Answer 41

Whites are 2x more likely to be ‘gifted’ than Black Caribbean and 5x more than Black African

Question 42

Who did the study for Access Opportunity?

Answer 42

Tikly Et Al

Question 43

What did Tikly Et Al study?

Answer 43

The ‘Aiming High’ programme is to raise black Caribbean achievement as black pupils are more likely to be entered for lower tier GCSE than white pupils.

Question 44

Hows is the ‘New IQism’ structure set in schools

Answer 44

Teachers set the “right” stream on attainment, behaviour, and perceptions of their attitudes