social chapter 4

Question 1

Affirm

Answer 1

to validate and express commitment to something

Question 2

Collective identity

Answer 2

the shared identity of a group of people, especially because of a common language and culture

Question 3

Collective rights

Answer 3

rights guaranteed to specific groups in Canadian society for historical and constitutional reasons.

Question 4

What groups of people have collective rights in Canada?

Answer 4

Aboriginal peoples, including First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples; and Francophones and Anglophones.

Question 5

What three groups make up Aboriginal peoples?

Answer 5

First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples

Question 6

Why do certain groups in Canada have collective rights while others have none?

Answer 6

Because their a larger group, rather than a smaller group wouldn’t get very many collective rights or none at all because their a smaller group

Question 7

What are numbered treaties?

Answer 7

Historic agreements that affect the rights and identity of some First Nations in Canada.

Question 8

What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 do for First Nations people?

Answer 8

The proclamation recognized First Nations’ rights to land, and established the principle of making treaties with First Nations through peaceful negotiation.

Question 9

What is sovereignty?

Answer 9

independence as a people, with a right to self-government

Question 10

Under the numbered treaties, what did the First Nations people agree to share with the Canadian government?

Answer 10

First Nations agreed to share their lands and resources in peace.

Question 11

What were three areas the government of Canada agreed to cover for First Nations people?

Answer 11

Canada’s government agreed to terms covering First Nations’ education, reserves, annuities and other matters. The terms differ from Treaty to Treaty.

Question 12

What is an annuity?

Answer 12

an annual payment. Under the Numbered Treaties, annuities are mostly symbolic today. For example, the members of Treaty 8 each receive $5.00 per year.

Question 13

What is a reserve?

Answer 13

land for the exclusive use of First Nations

Question 14

What were two reasons why the Government of Canada negotiated the Numbered treaties with First Nations in the west?

Answer 14

Canada wanted to build a railway to link the province of British Columbia to the rest of Canada and to open the west to immigration. Canada’s government wanted to avoid war.

Question 15

Why were First Nations and the Canadian government worried about war between them?

Answer 15

Because of how many people died

Question 16

What were four reasons why the First Nations people wanted to secure their future?

Answer 16

They were facing economic and social upheaval from smallpox epidemics, the eradication of the buffalo, the end of the fur trade, and the pressures of European settlement.

Question 17

Describe the difference between the way the First Nations and the Canadian government recorded the Treaties.

Answer 17

Canada’s government believes First Nations gave up their land under the Treaties. FN said and thought, “To us, the land is a legacy, not a commodity. It is every part of our culture. The land from which our culture springs is like water and air. It is one and indivisible.” First Nations recorded the Treaties in their oral histories in their own languages. Canada’s government recorded the Treaties in writing in English

Question 18

What was the purpose of the Indian Act of 1876?

Answer 18

Made rules about the lives of First Nations peoples without consulting them. At the time, Canada’s government viewed First Nations as peoples who needed guidance. The federal government is able to develop specific policies and programs to administer Treaty rights to First Nations. The act affirmed the collective rights of First Nations and created indian agents for the reserves. The act defines who may be registered as a “status Indian” with Treaty rights. This act was aimed to assimilate FN. The act restricted the right of First Nations people to travel freely, to take political action, to wear traditional dress, and to take part in traditional ceremonies.

Question 19

Who ran reserves?

Answer 19

Indian Agents

Question 20

What is the difference between a law and a policy?

Answer 20

A law describes principles or conditions that must be followed. A policy describes objectives of the government, within the law.

Question 21

What were residential schools?

Answer 21

Schools that were for aboriginals to provide First Nations with education and to assimilate them at the same time.

Question 22

Why were residential schools used?

Answer 22

to provide First Nations with education and to assimilate them at the same time. Residential schools removed children from their families and disrupted their connections to their languages, cultures and identities.

Question 23

What has the government of Canada recently done to former students of residential schools?

Answer 23

Canada’s government has begun to compensate former students of residential schools for the trauma they suffered.

Question 24

Why did First Nations people want to “entrench” their rights within the Constitution?

Answer 24

So that they could truly fulfill the sacred obligation handed down to them by their forefathers for future generations.

Question 25

What does patriate mean?

Answer 25

to bring to a country something that belongs to the country

Question 26

What section were Aboriginal rights included in the Constitution?

Answer 26

Section 35

Question 27

Why did Prime Minister Trudeau not want to include Aboriginal rights in the Constitution in 1982?

Answer 27

He believed Aboriginal people needed to be equal with other Canadians. He viewed laws that set them apart, such as the Numbered Treaties or provisions in the constitution as obstacles to their equality.

Question 28

What is the difference between primary and secondary sources?

Answer 28

Primary sources are created by people who actually saw or participated in an event and recorded their reactions to that event immediately after the event occurred. Secondary sources are created by someone not present at the event, or are interpretations of events that already occurred.

Question 29

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 29

the belief that one’s culture is superior to all other cultures

Question 30

What does assimilate mean?

Answer 30

become part of a different cultural group

Question 31

In what ways did the Canadian government try and assimilate First Nations people?

Answer 31

The federal government was able to develop specific policies and programs to administer Treaty rights to First Nations. It defined how First Nations peoples had to conduct their affairs, such as band elections. The act restricted the right of First Nations people to travel freely, to take political action, to wear traditional dress, and to take part in traditional ceremonies. The act required First Nations people to give up their legal identity and Treaty rights to gain the right to vote.

Question 32

What does section 87 of the Indian Act state?

Answer 32

Some First Nations people living on reserves do not pay taxes.

Question 33

What are Francophones and Anglophones?

Answer 33

Anglophone: a person whose first language is English. Francophone: a person whose first language is French

Question 34

What is a Francophone school?

Answer 34

Where people get taught French as a first language.

Question 35

What are Canada’s official languages?

Answer 35

French and english

Question 36

What is Canada’s only bilingual province?

Answer 36

New Brunswick

Question 37

What does Section 23 of the Charter say about education rights?

Answer 37

Says that a French-speaking or English Speaking minority population of sufficient size in any province has the right to publicly funded schools that serve their language community

Question 38

What effect did the Manitoba Schools Act, The Haultain Resolution, and Ordinance Number 22 have on minority language groups?

Answer 38

The manitoba act
• Abolished public funding for Catholic schools. • Made Manitoba an officially English-only province
Haultain Resolution and North-West Territories Ordinance Number 22
• The Haultain Resolution was proposed by the premier of the territory, Frederick Haultain, and passed by the territory assembly. It called for the proceedings of the assembly to be English only. • Ordinance Number 22 required English as the language of instruction in all schools.

Question 39

What did Bill 101 do in Quebec?

Answer 39

Set down rules for protecting and promoting the use of the French language in Québec. The people of Québec want to make French the language of government and the everyday language of work, education and business. This meant commercial signs may use only French and Francophones and immigrants in Québec must attend Francophone schools

Question 40

In the Red River Resistance, what did the Métis gain?

Answer 40

Métis land rights. The act specified the Métis would receive more than 500 000 hectares of land in addition to the farms they had established along the Red River.

Question 41

How was the land given to metis?

Answer 41

Through a script

Question 42

In the Northwest Resistance, what was the view of the Métis?

Answer 42

For many Métis, the railway and protecting metis land was a way to assert their rights, like the Red River Resistance.

Question 43

In the Northwest Resistance, what was the view of the Canadian government?

Answer 43

He thought it was an attempt to overthrow Canada’s authority

Question 44

What did the Métis Population Betterment Act of 1938 do?

Answer 44

Established twelve temporary Métis settlements.

Question 45

What did Section 35 of the Constitution include when it was patriated in 1982?

Answer 45

Recognized the Métis as one of Canada’s Aboriginal peoples with rights. “The existing Aboriginal and Treaty rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada are recognized and affirmed. Aboriginal peoples include the Indian, Inuit, and Métis peoples of Canada”

Question 46

To what extent has Canada recognized Indigenous collective rights?

Answer 46

Canada, over the years, has recognized Indigenous collective rights and they have been established/affirmed through several treaties, the Indian Act, etc. Their identity has been more recognized as well. Though they aren’t consulted about some things which isn’t right.

Question 47

What should be done about the Indian Act today?

Answer 47

FN should be consulted more on decisions that impact them directly.

Question 48

How does understanding the past affect the way you understand groups in society today?

Answer 48

History helps us develop a better understanding. History shows us how society, technology, and government worked way back when so that we can better understand how it works now. We also get a better understanding of lessons to be learned, i.e. things we did in the past that weren’t all that great, so now we can learn from those mistakes.

Question 49

How are the rights of Francophones in Alberta protected?

Answer 49

Francophone schools and school boards are a right of Alberta’s Francophone minority under section 23 of Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Question 50

What are the rights of Anglophones living in this minority setting?

Answer 50

They have an Anglophone school for english speaking students