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grade 9 > Science Unit A section 1-2 > Flashcards

Science Unit A section 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

For a _____ to be healthy, it has to have lots of different kinds of plants and animals

A

ecosystem

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2
Q

Name 4 types of ecosystems

A 
Savannah’s 
Grasslands
Deserts
Rainforests 
Prairies
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3
Q

All living things depend on

A

other living things

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4
Q

Name four extinct species

A 
Dodo bird
Passenger pigeons
Pearly mussels 
Dinosaurs 
Spix macaw
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5
Q

the best way to wipe out a species is to

A

remove them from their natural environment

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6
Q

Largest ecosystem in the world

A

the sea

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7
Q

% of the world is covered by water

A

71%

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8
Q

/ of all the species in the world live in the ocean

A

2/3

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9
Q

5 things you can do to increase biodiversity

A 
Recycle
Leave nature in nature 
Plant a tree
When hiking, stay on the trail
Don’t waste food
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10
Q

What is a species

A

a group of organisms that have the same structure and can reproduce with one another.

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11
Q

all living things are

A 
made of cells
need energy
grow and develop 
can reproduce 
have adaptations that suit them for the environment in which they live
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12
Q

biological diversity

A

refers to all the different types of organisms on earth

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13
Q

Ecosystem diversity

A

Where there’s lots of biotic and abiotic things and they interact with eachother (diversity between ecosystems)

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14
Q

Community diversity

A

different types of animals/species in a group (diversity within an ecosystem)

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15
Q

Genetic diversity

A

the variety of traits a species has (diversity within species)

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16
Q

community

A

different populations live in the same area, at the same time, in an ecosystem

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17
Q

population

A

members of a species live in the same area at the same time, and use some resources

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18
Q

what did carolus linnaeus create?

A

developed a system for naming organisms and for classifying them in a meaningful way. Grouped species based on their physical structure (created the classification system)

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19
Q

Kings play chess on fine green silk (classification system)

A

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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20
Q

why do so many types of organisms exist on the earth today

A

to fill different niches

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21
Q

how does the classification system help us to know how living things are different from or related to each other

A

we’re able to know their characteristics and what their genus/species name is which determines who they are and how they’re related/ different

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22
Q

Why is there more biological diversity closer to the equator than canada

A

because of the temperatures, more are adapt to the heat than the cold

23
Q

Explain why preserving biological diversity is important to life on earth

A

without multiple species/organisms, it wrecks the food chain and without food for some animals they could go extinct. and so that all species don’t collapse (go extinct) if there’s not more than 1 species (even more than that)

24
Q

Interdependence

A

no species can survive by itself, each species is dependent on many species in its environment.

25
Q

Plants produce and provide what

A

produce oxygen and provides shelter and cover

26
Q

types of interdependence (predator - prey relationship)

A

predators reduce the size of the prey population which prevents the prey from outstripping their food supply (without predators the prey population would decrease more because of starvation). The predators tend to capture the old, sick or weak members of the prey which allows for more reproduction and a healthy offspring

27
Q

symbiosis

A

an association between members of different species

28
Q

commensalism (a type of symbiosis)

A

one organism benefit sleep and the other does not but there is no harm (+, =) example: tree frogs use plants as protection

29
Q

mutualism (a type of symbiosis)

A

both organisms benefit (+, +) a flower and a bee

30
Q

parasitism (a type of symbiosis)

A

one organism benefits, other is harmed (+,-) mosquitoes and humans

31
Q

inter species competition

A

interaction between species where neither of them benefit (-,-) two or more species compete for the same resource

32
Q

niche

A

describes the role of an organism within the ecosystem. includes:
what it eats
what eats it
it’s habitat
nesting site
it’s effect on the population around it and it’s environment
(the niche occupied by a species may change throughout its lifetime)

33
Q

resource partitioning

A

where two species with different niches use the same resources but in different parts

34
Q

Pointers for graphing

A

Put up the title
y axis is up, x axis is horizontal (side to side)
The responding/dependent variable goes on the y axis (what is being measured/ observed. This is the effect caused by the manipulated data.)
The manipulated/ independent variable goes on the x axis (what is being changed)
Be sure to label the x and y axis

The controlled variable is things that should stay the same and be constant

When trying to find the degrees, do the percentage divided by 100 then times it by 360. (E.X. 38% divided by 100% x 360 = 137 degrees)

35
Q

variation within a species is called

A

variability. Also, variability is important if the environment changes

36
Q

Natural selection

A

occurs when the environment selects which individuals will survive long enough to reproduce. Example: cold weather appeared in nebraska, tons of birds died of starvations and it appeared only the bigger birds survived and all the smaller ones died

37
Q

How does variability within a species affect its survival

A

hhhh

38
Q

Heritable characteristics

A

passed on from generation to generation –> skin color, hair, eyes

39
Q

non heritable characteristics

A

are acquired –> playing the piano

40
Q

Discrete variation

A

refers to differences in characteristics that have a defined form –> your earlobes are attached or they aren’t

41
Q

continuous variation

A

refers to differences in characteristics that have a range of forms –> the height or weight in something.

42
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

where non living and living things interact and a bunch of organisms interact

43
Q

what is an organism

A

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.

44
Q

what classification is homo sapiens?

A

humans or mammals

45
Q

Reproduction of a flower (male/female parts)

A

pollen (contains the male gametes of plant, found on the stamen)
ovules (contains the female gametes of plant, found in the pistil)
pollination (occurs when pollen is transferred from the stigma of the pistil -> fertilization)

46
Q

Asexual reproduction and advantages and disadvantages

A

Involves only one parent. All of the offsprings results in the thing being identical to the parent.
Advantages- does not require any specialized cells, can produce quickly and build a large population quickly
Disadvantages - if conditions become unfavourable, the entire population may be wiped out.

47
Q

sexual reproduction and advantages and disadvantages

A

Involves 2 individuals. The offspring will have a mix of characteristics (will be unique).
Advantage -provides a lot of variations
disadvantage - it takes a lot of time and energy and can only produce a limited amount of offspring.

48
Q

process of sexual reproduction

A

Sperm cell penetrates egg cell -> the joining of the male and female gametes (which produces a zygote) -> cell division of the zygote (cleavage) takes place -> cell division continues -> a multicellular embryo develops

49
Q

2 benefits of a predator and prey relationship

A

predators reduce the size of the prey population which prevents the prey from outstripping their food supply (without predators the prey population would decrease more because of starvation). The predators tend to capture the old, sick or weak members of the prey which allows for more reproduction and a healthy offspring

50
Q

list 3 types of interdependence among living things and provide examples

A

parasitism- where one organism is harmed and the other benefits (ex between a mosquito and a human)
commensalism - where one organism benefits and other is neutral (organism using tree for protection)
predator- prey relationship - consists of the interactions between two species and their consequent effects on each other. (ex between a fox and a rabbit)

51
Q

seeds can mean what

A

sexual reproduction

52
Q

Binary Fission, Budding, Spore production, Vegetative reproduction (examples of plant asexual reproduction)

A

Binary Fission: One celled organism split into two

Budding: a small bud or smaller version detaches and becomes a new individual

Spore production: the division of cells of the parent

Vegetative reproduction: no seed: cutting, tubers, bulbs and runners

53
Q

Gamete

A

a cell that has one role, to join with another gamete during reproduction (sex cells). male gametes are called sperm cells, females are egg cells.

54
Q

zygote

A

the cell created by the joining of the 2 gametes (is the first cell of a new individual and it then divides into 2 cells)

grade 9 (19 decks)

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