Science Unit B 1-2

Question 1

Lab safety (name 5)

Answer 1

always wear safety goggles, tie your hair back, wash hands after handling chemicals, report any safety concerns, no jewelry,

Question 2

WHMIS symbols & names

Answer 2

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
exploding bomb - for explosive or reactivity hazards
Flame - fire hazards
flame over circle - oxidizing hazards
Gas cylinder - gas under pressure
Health Hazard - may cause health effects
Corrosion (person washing hands) corrosive damage
! - may cause less serious health effects or damage to ozone layer
Skull and Crossbones - cause death or toxicity

Question 3

What does yellow, orange and red mean?

Answer 3

Yellow triangle - caution
Orange diamond - warning
Red Octagon - danger

Question 4

Matter (what it is) and classifications of matter (pure substances: elements and
compounds; mixtures: mechanical mixtures, suspensions, colloids, solutions)

Answer 4

Anything that has a mass and occupies space,

Question 5

What are pure substances: elements and

compounds

Answer 5

Pure substance: substance made of only one kind of matter, which has a unique set of properties.
Compound: chemical combination of 2 or more elements. (is a pure substance)
Element: A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances (substance made of one atom).

Question 6

mixtures: mechanical mixtures, suspensions, colloids, solutions

Answer 6

suspension - a cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another. (you can see the particles, ex italian dressing or sugar and water)
Colloid - A cloudy mixture where the particles of a suspended substance are so small they cannot be easily separated out of the substance (mixture where you cannot see particles and cannot be separated)(ex whipped cream, milk, jelly)
Mechanical mixture: a mixture with different parts that you can see (2 or more substances) (ex pizza, milk and cereal, soil, sand)
Solution: a type of homogeneous mixture that is made up of two or more substances (ex salt water, rubbing alcohol, and sugar dissolved in water.)

Question 7

Physical vs chemical properties

Answer 7

Physical property - used to identify matter (color and lustre)
Chemical property - describes how a substance interacts with other substances like acids. The five chemical properties are:
1. Reaction with Acids
2. Ability to Burn
3. Reaction with Water
4. Behaviour in Air
5. Reaction to Heat

Question 8

Physical vs chemical change

Answer 8

Physical Change - when a substance undergoes change and appearance is altered (change of state or dissolved)
Chemical Change - when 2 or more materials react and create new materials

Question 9

Terms used to describe changes in state

Answer 9

Sublimation: the substance changes from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid phase.
Condensation : change from gas to liquid
Deposition : gas changing to solid

Question 10

6000 B.C

Answer 10

Chemists investigated materials that were valuable such as gold and copper due to lustre (shinny), malleability (Malleability is a physical property of metals that defines their ability to be hammered, pressed, or rolled into thin sheets without breaking), ductility (the ability of a material to be drawn or plastically deformed without fracture.) and durability (the ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage.) Copper was introduced.

Question 11

400 B.C (Democritus)

Answer 11

Democritus described that the smallest particles that could not be broken further. stated that each type of material was made up of a different type of atomos.

Question 12

350 B.C (Aristotle)

Answer 12

Aristotle, supported a different hypothesis that everything was made of earth, air, fire, and water.

Question 13

1500 A.D (alchemists)

Answer 13

Alchemy Takes Over, experiments with matter were carried out by Alchemists. They were trying to turn common metals into gold

Question 14

1597 A.D (Libau)

Answer 14

Andreas Libau made important chemical discoveries + first chem textbook

Question 15

1660 A.D (Boyle)

Answer 15

Robert Boyle experimented with the behaviour of gases. Was convinced that matter was made up of tiny particles

Question 16

1770 A.D – 1780 A.D (Lavoisier)

Answer 16

Lavoisier developed a system for naming chemicals.

Lavoisier is called the “father of modern chemistry.”

Question 17

John Dalton

Answer 17

John Dalton suggested that matter was made up of elements. Dalton was the first to define an element as a pure substance that contained no other substances. stated that each element is composed of a particle called an atom. he developed a new set of symbols
for elements.
(developed atoms and elements and symbols for elements)

Question 18

Thompson

Answer 18

first person to discover a subatomic particle (a particle smaller than an atom). concluded that the rays were
made up of streams of negatively charged particles. He named them electrons. (“raisin bun model”) Described the atom as a positively charged sphere in which negatively charged electrons were embedded like raisins in a bun.

(created raisin bun model, described atom)

Question 19

Hantaro Nagaoka

Answer 19

refined the model of the atom further. In his model, the

atom resembled a miniature solar system

Question 20

Ernest rutherford

Answer 20

predicted that all the high-speed particles would pass straight through the foil without being affected by the gold atoms. Suggested that the atom was mostly empty space with nucleus.

Question 21

Alchemists

Answer 21

Discovered plaster of Paris for use in casts to help bones heal. A group that practiced with metals.

Question 22

Bohr and Bohr model (go look at notes for model)

Answer 22

Bohr said that they move in specific circular orbits, or electron shells

Question 23

James Chadwick

Answer 23

discovered that the nucleus contained positively charged particles called protons, and neutral particles called neutrons.

Question 24

Jöns Jacob Berzelius

Answer 24

Berzelius suggested using letters rather than pictures to

represent each element. The first letter (capitalized) of an element would become the symbol.

Question 25

Arrangement of periodic table

Answer 25

Blue and purple colored elements in this area are metals. Metals are shiny, malleable, and ductile.

Green area are non-metals. Non-metals can be a solid or a gas. Solid nonmetals are dull, brittle elements.

diagonal orange elements called metalloids. Metalloids have both metallic and non-metallic properties.
From left to right , the elements change from metals to nonmetals.
most reactive metals start on the left and move right, the metals generally become less reactive.

Question 26

alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; metalloids; halogens; noble gases; metals and non-metals

Answer 26

alkali metals- Group 1 elements, (not including H), called the alkali metals (most reactive of the metals.)
They react when exposed to air or water. they’re on the very left, first column

alkaline earth metals- They react when exposed to air and water as well, but not as reactive as alkali metals. (they’re the second column on the very left in blue.

halogens- They are the most reactive non-metals. For example, fluorine can etch glass, chlorine is common. (they’re group 17)

Group 18 elements are the noble gases—Very Stable

metalloids- the line splitting purple and green

metals and non-metals- metals are purple to left, non metals are the green

Question 27

Periods vs Groups/Families

Answer 27

group- Each vertical column forms a group, or family, of elements (numbered from 1 to 18). These groups have similar chemical properties.

Period- Each Horizontal Row is called a period. There are 7

Question 28

Protons, Electrons and Neutrons (what are they, charges, where they are found, etc)

Answer 28

Atoms are neutral, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

Protons- positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
Electrons- negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom
Neutrons- neutral particle in the nucleus of an atom.

The neutron has about the same mass as the proton but carries no electrical charge.

Question 29

Atomic number, atomic mass

Answer 29

Atomic number- shows how many protons are in the nucleus of one atom of the element

Atomic mass- The number below the element’s name is the atomic mass. The atomic mass tells you the total mass of all the protons and neutrons in an atom.

Question 30

Atomic number = number of protons = number of electron 
# of neutrons = atomic mass – number of protons

Answer 30

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Question 31

metals are.. non-metals are…

Answer 31

metals- shiny, ductile, malleable and heat conductors.
non-metals- dull, brittle, insulators

(metalloid - silicon, Metal - copper, noble gas- …, halogen-…)