Science C3

Question 1

3 stages of transport in air

Answer 1

• Release of chemicals at the source
• Dispersion of the chemical into the atmosphere
• Deposition of the chemicals in the soil or water

Question 2

Factors that affect the travel of airborne pollutants?

Airborne pollutants can be carried away by..

Answer 2

wind or no wind
precipitation (rain or snow)
weight of pollutant (heavier particles will be deposited closer to source

Carried away by wind and ocean currents

Question 3

Transport in ground water (this is something that transports materials or pollutants)

Answer 3

Groundwater zone: All space between soil grains
is filled with water.

The top of this zone is called the water table.

Groundwater moves slowly compared to rivers.

This allows chemicals to build up (become concentrated)
because they cannot disperse quickly.

Question 4

Percolation

Answer 4

Water seeping through the soil.

Question 5

Transport in surface water

Answer 5

Multiple sources of chemical toxins travel though water.

Question 6

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Answer 6

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Question 7

Permeable vs Impermeable soils

Answer 7

Permeable surfaces (also known as porous or pervious surfaces) allow water to percolate into the soil to filter out pollutants and recharge the water table. Impermeable/impervious surfaces are solid surfaces that don’t allow water to penetrate, forcing it to run off.

Question 8

Leachate

Answer 8

Water moving through the soil that contains dissolved substances.

Question 9

Transport of hydrocarbons in soil

Answer 9

Carried by water, they fill the pores in grains, and are toxic.

Question 10

Dispersion

Answer 10

the scattering of a substance away from its sources E.x.

Question 11

Dilution

Answer 11

reduces the concentration of a pollutant by mixing the polluting substance with large amounts of water.

Question 12

Biodegradation

Answer 12

Breakdown of materials by organisms like earthworms, bacteria, and fungi. Bio refers to living things and degrade means to break up

Question 13

Factors affecting biodegradation

Answer 13

Temperature, moisture, acidity, oxygen levels, pH, and

nutrients (eg. Hot temperature speeds it up).

Question 14

Bacteria in Aerobic biodegradation and Anaerobic

Answer 14

Aerobic: Oxygen is required for breakdown.

Anaerobic: No oxygen required.

Question 15

Another method of encouraging biodegradation in soil involves

Answer 15

planting vegetation

Question 16

Phytoremediation

Answer 16

a techniques that can be used to reduce the concentration of harmful chemicals in soil or ground water

Question 17

photolysis

Answer 17

the breakdown of compounds by sunlight. Example: photodegradable plastics