social chapter 3 Flashcards
When was the Charter of Rights and Freedoms passed?
1982
What are the two types of rights that are included in the Charter?
Individual rights and rights for groups in society
What is a constitution?
A special set of laws that establish a framework of governance.
How were rights and freedoms protected before the Charter was introduced?
Rights and freedoms were protected in Canada by a variety of laws.
Fundamental Freedoms
The freedom to express your opinions, The freedom to choose your own religion, The freedom to organize peaceful meetings and demonstrations, The freedom to associate with any person or group.
Democratic Rights
The right to vote for members of the House of Commons and of provincial legislatures, The right to vote for a new government at least every five years.
Mobility Rights
The right to move anywhere within Canada and to earn a living there, The right to enter, stay in, or leave Canada.
Legal Rights
The right to be free of imprisonment, search and seizure without reasons backed by law and evidence, The right to a fair and quick public trial by an impartial court that assumes that you are innocent until proven guilty.
Equality Rights
The right to be free of discrimination because of race, national or ethnic origin, religion, gender, age, or mental or physical disability.
Does the Charter apply to everyone in Canada?
What are the two rights that only apply to Canadian citizens?
Yes but with two exceptions, The right to vote and the right to leave and enter Canada freely. Only Canadian citizens have these rights.
When was the Indian Act passed?
1876
How did the Indian Act restrict the rights and freedoms of First Nations people?
- Required First Nations people to obtain government permission to wear traditional clothing
- Banned traditional ceremonies, such as the Sundance of the Siksika
- Prevented First Nations from taking political action
When were women first given the right to vote?
1918
What does suffrage mean?
The right to vote in political elections.
What happened to Ukrainian Canadians in 1914?
Why did the government do this?
More than 8000 people of Ukrainian and German descent were arrested and sent to camps. Because of their identity and because Canada and its allies were at war.
What law allowed the government to act in this manner towards Ukrainian-Canadians?
The war measures act
What happened to the Ukrainians in the camps?
The people interned had to work as labourers.
What happened to Ukrainian Canadians after the war ended?
The government got the people to remain in the camps and they continued to work as labourers without pay.
When were Italian-Canadians sent to camps?
1940
Why were Italian-Canadians interned?
Because Italy declared war against Canada.
What is prejudice?
pre- judgement
how can the Charter protect people from prejudice?
The charter has many laws and rights against prejudice and a big one that goes against it is equality rights and legal rights. it says in there that you are not to judge someone based on their race, gender, age, etc. The person you are judging is innocent until proven guilty.
What has the Canadian government done to make up for their treatment of Ukrainian and Italian-Canadians?
In 1990, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney apologized to Canada’s Italian community for the internment. In 2005, Canada’s parliament passed the Internment of Persons of Ukrainian Origin Recognition Act, which acknowledges the Internment of Ukrainian Canadians event in Canadian history.
What event caused Canadians to be concerned about Japanese-Canadians?
When Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
What was decided for the Japanese after this event?
In February 1942, Canada’s government decided to move all people of Japanese origin away from the west coast. Under the War Measures Act, more than 20 000 men, women and children were forced to leave their communities, bringing only what they could carry. They were loaded onto trains and moved inland, mostly to
remote communities in B.C.’s interior. They were not permitted to leave the camps without permission from the RCMP.
What did the Canadian government do in 1943?
Afterwards, The government promised to safeguard the property of Japanese Canadians, but in 1943 it sold off their homes, businesses and possessions. Families that had spent decades building a life in Canada suddenly had nothing.
What did the Lord’s Day Act do?
Made it illegal for most Canadian businesses to open on Sunday. The law upheld the Christian Sabbath, or day of rest.
What did the Supreme Court of Canada decide about the Lords Day Act? Why?
The Supreme Court overturned the law. It found that the Lord’s Day Act violated Canadians’ fundamental right to freedom of conscience and religion.
What event caused the creation of the Ant-Terrorism Act?
9/11
what was the no fly list
List of people who can’t board planes due to suspicion (terrorists). Led to a problem where people were openly discriminated. Caused by the 9/11 attack
What is the purpose of advertising?
To persuade people of all ages to buy products.
What are labour unions?
An organization of workers that acts to protect workers’ rights and interests
Why did four women and 5 labour unions take the Ontario government to court?
The province was discriminating against them based on gender. A 1993 Ontario law required the province to pay women and men equally when they had equivalent levels of experience and training. The four women said the province hadn’t followed through on this promise of “pay equity,” and that they and their female co-workers were owed millions of dollars in lost wages.
What was the result of their action?
The Ontario government agreed to pay female workers a total of $414 million in pay adjustments.
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Created in 1982, includes individual rights and collective rights.
The Prime Minister who signed the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was
Pierre Trudeau
The Charter allows Canadians to ______________________ in court laws that restrict their rights and freedoms.
challenge
What document protected the rights of Canadians before the Charter of Rights and Freedoms was introduced?
Canadian Bill of Rights (1960)
Explain how the Charter of Rights protects minority groups.
Guarantees minority language educational rights to French-speaking communities outside Quebec and English-speaking minorities in Quebec.
Explain why it is important to protect Fundamental Freedoms.
By protecting Fundamental Freedoms, we have a healthy democracy.
What is the “NOTWITHSTANDING” clause in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (What does it allow?)
The right of parliament or legislature to say that this law shall apply notwithstanding the charter. It allows for the federal or provincial government to pass a law that is not in accordance with the charter and this means that the province can pass laws that may be discriminatory but they can only do this for 5 years or can renew it in 5years. People can override this.
What are some things people can do if they feel their rights have been violated?
- you can go to court
- talk to advocacy groups or lobbyists
- go to a human rights office and speak to a human rights officer
- turn to the media
- courts challenges program
