social Flashcards
social cognition
idea that others can influence how we think about the world
Asch’s social pressure experiment
say the correct length of line
other confederates say wrong answer and participant conforms
measures conformity and social implications
social comparison
a behavior where we compare certain aspects of ourselves (behavior, opinions) to other people to have a better view of ourselves
cognitive dissonance
state you enter when you have two conflicting sources of information, the more intensely you feel, the deeper the cognitive dissonance
we try to reduce this uncomfortable feeling however we can
pattern perception
indicate that seeing someone in different contexts allows you to make your perception of them
central traits
Asch studied this by giving two groups a list of traits, one group had warm in the list while the other had cold, stories told by each group were very different
first impressions
Asch studied this using two groups writing a story, first group heard good traits then bad while the second group heard bad traits then good
drastically changed their stories
illusory correlation
perceiving a relationship where it does not exist
attribution process: situation
during a certain situation is when you make your ideas on another person after thinking about what they might be going through (Dick wasn’t being a jerk running them off the road, he was trying to save his wife)
attribution process: disposition
the original judgement not knowing the whole story
fundamental attribution error
mistake you make when you say it is disposition rather than situation
pluralistic ignorance in crowd behavior
belief that each wavering person was alone in opposition to action by crowd
diffusion of responsibility in crowd behavior
believe it is not their job to intercede
ex. Violent crowd but when asked why they don’t feel personally responsible
deindividuation in crowd behavior
lose their sense of self, crowd as an organism
anonymity
sense of being anonymous, the more anonymous you feel the more likely you are to take action
social facilitation vs. social loafing
fac.: presence of others enhances ability to do something (ex. When you play your best game in front of others)
loaf.: presence of others decreases your ability to do something (ex. When someone doesn’t do anything in a group project)
the case of Kitty Genovese
altruism
was attacked and had 38 people watching her get raped and murdered while no one did anything about it through:
ambiguity (not clear on situation)
pluralistic ignorance (only one who thought it was bad)
diffusion of responsibility (why should they intercede?)
we are more likely to help…
if we are a woman
if someone else helps first then we step in
if we feel guilty
if we are in a good mood
obedience (milgram)
participant is obedient to a man in a lab coat even if we think we are harming the other “participant” when shocking them
reinterpretation (routinization) in obedience
clever, start low and slowly climb your way up to make others do what you want them to
entrapment in obedience
goes with routinization, you are too far in and cannot stop now
dehumanization in obedience
making others feel less human to make their actions more justifiable
what is culture?
sum total of learned behavior in any given society
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
peripheral route persuasion
people are influenced accidentally/not by the intentional message
central route persuasion
people’s thinking is influenced by considering the evidence and argument provides
normative social influence
influence from desire to gain acceptance/avoid disapproval
informational social influence
influence from a persons willingness to accept others
group polarization
enhancement of a groups beliefs through discussion within the group
groupthink
desire to harmony in group decisions overrides realistic consequences
ex. no one objected to a presidential decision, which they knew was bad, and ended up being bad since they didn’t want to seem insubordinate
just-world phenomenon
people believe the world is “just” and people will get whats coming to them
ingroup
“us”
outgroup
“them”
ingroup bias
tendency to favor our own group
frustration-agression principle
frustration creates anger which leads to aggression
social script
culturally modeled guide for how to act
mere-exposure effect
repeated exposure to stimuli increases our liking of that stimuli
social-exchange theory
social behavior is exchange process, maximizing benefits and minimizing costs
mirror-image perceptions
what you think of one group, that group thinks the same about you
superordinate goals
shared goals override personal beliefs/differences
