love and motivation Flashcards
what does the lateral region of the hypothalamus do?
bring on hunger, if destroyed: causing you to eat just enough for survival
what does the ventromedial region of the hypothalamus do?
depresses hunger, if destroyed: causing you to keep eating
role of ghrelin
hormone increases before meals and decreases after meals
role of insulin
pancreas secretes this, control blood glucose levels
role of leptin
fat cells, diminish reinforcing impact of food
role of orexin
released to trigger hunger if blood sugar levels drop
role of PYY
suppresses appetite in rodents for a little while
set (settling) point hypothesis and connection to fat cells
people have set point driven by genetics and early childhood eating patterns, equilibrium
in relation to fat cells: easier to add than get rid, when you are losing them your brain thinks you are in danger so it decreases metabolism and increases appetite
external incentives
some people are more receptive to external cues than the internal cues of your body (ex. media)
taste preference
based on your culture
genetics and heritability have a _____ role in weight
significant
babies who breast feed are _____ likely to gain fat cells
less, stop feeding when not hungry as opposed to being bottle fed, can see how much they have drank
becker et al adolescent girls study (2002)
In Fiji where heavier bodies are more valued and accepted
measured the behavior around food and body imaging in girls before western TV was introduced and after
showed a negative impact on girls eating behaviors and attitudes
obesogenic environment
environment that encourages obesity, may be difficult to go outside and get safe exercise, especially during pandemic
obese women are more likely to
receive lower salaries
are victims of discrimination
are less likely o marry
are often the victims of “weightist” comments
healthy at every size is a book about
intuitive eating
encouraging body acceptance
health care providers to be more understanding to those who are overweight
weight neutral approach
styles of love by john alan lee
ludus, eros, storge, mania, pragma, agape
Ludus
game playing love/viewed as a chase/conquest
how love is represented in Disney movies
rules of love (how many days should go by before texting someone?)
eros
romantic love
intense
great sadness when apart
storge
starts as friendship and then becomes romantic companionate and shared values
mania
eros and ludus together
intense with lots of jealousy
always checking others phones
pragma
looking for someone who has certain characteristics
arranged marriages
agape
eros and storge together
giving without taking
putting others happiness before your own
purest love
attachment theory of love and styles
kind of attachment babies have can predict love style as an adult but doesn’t quite work like this, correlational but not a causation
styles: secure, avoidant, resistant/anxious-ambivalent
expressive love
about verbalization
talking about love for their partner
expressing love
more women define this
instrumental love
activity-based
doing things together
more men define this
triangle theory of love (sternberg)
passion:
- romantic love = intimacy and passion
intimacy:
- companionate love = intimacy and commitment
commitment:
- fatuous love = passion and commitment
consummate love is all together
chapman language of love
receiving gifts/services
hookups
70% college students
men have higher + emotions after than women
most report regrets (men more than women)
adult sexual behaviors depicted in media
Americans don’t have sex as often as tv says
1/3 of 18-59 yr olds have sex 2x week
cultivation effect
when media distorts view on reality
people who watched the news thought the world was a scary place and their actions reflected this
the fetus is _____ in early development
“unsexed”
female sex fetus process
DSS determines sex
if present, the cortex will begin to develop ovaries and the medulla will disappear, following the mullerian ducts
female is default
male sex fetus process
SRY determines sex
if present, the medulla becomes a teste and the cortex will disappear, following the wolffian duct
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
quick to solve mental rotation puzzles
intersex condition, too many androgens
external genitalia is masculanized
affects females
androgen insensitivity syndrome
for the male sex
testes formed but stay in the body
only found at puberty
tend to be feminine
no male reproductive tract
5-alpha reductase
rare
feminize phenotype at birth but testes shown during puberty
has male reproductive tract
found only in DR, three sexes (boys, girls, girls who become boys)
turner’s syndrome
most common sex chromosome disorder for female
95% terminate on their own
during prenatal development, one sex chromosome is lost
most not identified at birth, but at puberty as they do not menstruate
poor spatial abilities
turner neurocognitive phenotype
failing at paper folding task
fold paper, poke holes, unfold and guess where holes are
Kilinefelter’s syndrome
XXY chromosomes
rarely identified at birth
late to talk, first word around 2
influences language development
unevenness between verbal and nonverbal IQ scores
sex vs. gender
sex: chromosomes and genitalia
gender: everything else, sometimes not parallel with sex
gender identity
around 2-3 yrs old kids assert their gender
Gender Dysphoria
where children being to express and insist they are a different gender than their sex and experience acceptance
gender role
attitudes and beliefs that our culture deems appropriate for each biological sex, its everywhere
ex. clothes, toys, etc.
gender roles stereotypes
when roles are taken too far when they become rules over roles
biological factors of gender typing
heredity: brain structure and hormones
environmental factors of gender typing
family - expecting things prenatally
school - role models, socialize with own gender
peers - boys (superheroes) and girls (barbies)
culture - religion and surrounding beliefs
psychoanalytic theory of gender typing
Freud
happens about 3-5 years of age
also as sexual orientation
depends on boy or girl, boys are terrified of father because of attraction to mother, so they repress emotions and focus on gender role
social learning theory of gender typing
learning theory (classical conditioning, etc.) but then imitation and symbolic imitation of tv and movies seeing a lot of gender type behavior they will do parents are reinforcing or punishing subtly
cognitive development theory of gender typing
actively constructing ideas of gender
only waning things identifying with their own gender (mommy train, female pets, etc.)
gender schema theory of gender typing
combination of social learning and cognitive developmental
schema actively constructed
gender type in children before they know their own identity
