love and motivation

Question 1

what does the lateral region of the hypothalamus do?

Answer 1

bring on hunger, if destroyed: causing you to eat just enough for survival

Question 2

what does the ventromedial region of the hypothalamus do?

Answer 2

depresses hunger, if destroyed: causing you to keep eating

Question 3

role of ghrelin

Answer 3

hormone increases before meals and decreases after meals

Question 4

role of insulin

Answer 4

pancreas secretes this, control blood glucose levels

Question 5

role of leptin

Answer 5

fat cells, diminish reinforcing impact of food

Question 6

role of orexin

Answer 6

released to trigger hunger if blood sugar levels drop

Question 7

role of PYY

Answer 7

suppresses appetite in rodents for a little while

Question 8

set (settling) point hypothesis and connection to fat cells

Answer 8

people have set point driven by genetics and early childhood eating patterns, equilibrium
in relation to fat cells: easier to add than get rid, when you are losing them your brain thinks you are in danger so it decreases metabolism and increases appetite

Question 9

external incentives

Answer 9

some people are more receptive to external cues than the internal cues of your body (ex. media)

Question 10

taste preference

Answer 10

based on your culture

Question 11

genetics and heritability have a _____ role in weight

Answer 11

significant

Question 12

babies who breast feed are _____ likely to gain fat cells

Answer 12

less, stop feeding when not hungry as opposed to being bottle fed, can see how much they have drank

Question 13

becker et al adolescent girls study (2002)

Answer 13

In Fiji where heavier bodies are more valued and accepted
measured the behavior around food and body imaging in girls before western TV was introduced and after
showed a negative impact on girls eating behaviors and attitudes

Question 14

obesogenic environment

Answer 14

environment that encourages obesity, may be difficult to go outside and get safe exercise, especially during pandemic

Question 15

obese women are more likely to

Answer 15

receive lower salaries
are victims of discrimination
are less likely o marry
are often the victims of “weightist” comments

Question 16

healthy at every size is a book about

Answer 16

intuitive eating
encouraging body acceptance
health care providers to be more understanding to those who are overweight
weight neutral approach

Question 17

styles of love by john alan lee

Answer 17

ludus, eros, storge, mania, pragma, agape

Question 18

Ludus

Answer 18

game playing love/viewed as a chase/conquest
how love is represented in Disney movies
rules of love (how many days should go by before texting someone?)

Question 19

eros

Answer 19

romantic love
intense
great sadness when apart

Question 20

storge

Answer 20

starts as friendship and then becomes romantic companionate and shared values

Question 21

mania

Answer 21

eros and ludus together
intense with lots of jealousy
always checking others phones

Question 22

pragma

Answer 22

looking for someone who has certain characteristics
arranged marriages

Question 23

agape

Answer 23

eros and storge together
giving without taking
putting others happiness before your own
purest love

Question 24

attachment theory of love and styles

Answer 24

kind of attachment babies have can predict love style as an adult but doesn’t quite work like this, correlational but not a causation
styles: secure, avoidant, resistant/anxious-ambivalent

Question 25

expressive love

Answer 25

about verbalization
talking about love for their partner
expressing love
more women define this

Question 26

instrumental love

Answer 26

activity-based
doing things together
more men define this

Question 27

triangle theory of love (sternberg)

Answer 27

passion:
- romantic love = intimacy and passion
intimacy:
- companionate love = intimacy and commitment
commitment:
- fatuous love = passion and commitment
consummate love is all together

Question 28

chapman language of love

Answer 28

receiving gifts/services

Question 29

hookups

Answer 29

70% college students
men have higher + emotions after than women
most report regrets (men more than women)

Question 30

adult sexual behaviors depicted in media

Answer 30

Americans don’t have sex as often as tv says
1/3 of 18-59 yr olds have sex 2x week

Question 31

cultivation effect

Answer 31

when media distorts view on reality
people who watched the news thought the world was a scary place and their actions reflected this

Question 32

the fetus is _____ in early development

Answer 32

“unsexed”

Question 33

female sex fetus process

Answer 33

DSS determines sex
if present, the cortex will begin to develop ovaries and the medulla will disappear, following the mullerian ducts
female is default

Question 34

male sex fetus process

Answer 34

SRY determines sex
if present, the medulla becomes a teste and the cortex will disappear, following the wolffian duct

Question 35

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

Answer 35

quick to solve mental rotation puzzles
intersex condition, too many androgens
external genitalia is masculanized
affects females

Question 36

androgen insensitivity syndrome

Answer 36

for the male sex
testes formed but stay in the body
only found at puberty
tend to be feminine
no male reproductive tract

Question 37

5-alpha reductase

Answer 37

rare
feminize phenotype at birth but testes shown during puberty
has male reproductive tract
found only in DR, three sexes (boys, girls, girls who become boys)

Question 38

turner’s syndrome

Answer 38

most common sex chromosome disorder for female
95% terminate on their own
during prenatal development, one sex chromosome is lost
most not identified at birth, but at puberty as they do not menstruate
poor spatial abilities

Question 39

turner neurocognitive phenotype

Answer 39

failing at paper folding task
fold paper, poke holes, unfold and guess where holes are

Question 40

Kilinefelter’s syndrome

Answer 40

XXY chromosomes
rarely identified at birth
late to talk, first word around 2
influences language development
unevenness between verbal and nonverbal IQ scores

Question 41

sex vs. gender

Answer 41

sex: chromosomes and genitalia
gender: everything else, sometimes not parallel with sex

Question 42

gender identity

Answer 42

around 2-3 yrs old kids assert their gender

Question 43

Gender Dysphoria

Answer 43

where children being to express and insist they are a different gender than their sex and experience acceptance

Question 44

gender role

Answer 44

attitudes and beliefs that our culture deems appropriate for each biological sex, its everywhere
ex. clothes, toys, etc.

Question 45

gender roles stereotypes

Answer 45

when roles are taken too far when they become rules over roles

Question 46

biological factors of gender typing

Answer 46

heredity: brain structure and hormones

Question 47

environmental factors of gender typing

Answer 47

family - expecting things prenatally
school - role models, socialize with own gender
peers - boys (superheroes) and girls (barbies)
culture - religion and surrounding beliefs

Question 48

psychoanalytic theory of gender typing

Answer 48

Freud
happens about 3-5 years of age
also as sexual orientation
depends on boy or girl, boys are terrified of father because of attraction to mother, so they repress emotions and focus on gender role

Question 49

social learning theory of gender typing

Answer 49

learning theory (classical conditioning, etc.) but then imitation and symbolic imitation of tv and movies seeing a lot of gender type behavior they will do parents are reinforcing or punishing subtly

Question 50

cognitive development theory of gender typing

Answer 50

actively constructing ideas of gender
only waning things identifying with their own gender (mommy train, female pets, etc.)

Question 51

gender schema theory of gender typing

Answer 51

combination of social learning and cognitive developmental
schema actively constructed
gender type in children before they know their own identity