Development Across the Lifespan Flashcards
three types of development
physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional
prenatal development
ovulation is hidden for humans, formation of fetus, and promotes pair bonding
periods of prenatal development
germinal (zygote), embryonic, fetal
zygote stage
fertilized egg, no one knows they are pregnant at this stage; conception - 2 weeks
embryonic/embryo stage
when cells specialize in the direction where they will become (ex. skin, muscle), body develops quickly during this stage
fetal/fetus stage
8 weeks and on, period of growth as everything is mostly developed
at what age can a baby can survive in the NICU
21 weeks
teratogens
measles, toxins, drugs; something to harm the baby
Rubella
cause vision problems, heart abnormalities, or cognitive deficits
Toxoplasmosis
damage to the brain, hydrocephalus; exposure to cat feces causes this
Herpes
chicken pox; can cause damage to the nervous system
DES impact on fetus
Prescribed to prevent spontaneous abortion by the body but instead caused cervical/testicular cancer in the children as well as malformed cervices (could rarely conceive)
Aspirin impact on fetus
associated with heart defects, blood thinner (dangerous for birth)
Caffeine impact on fetus
Embryos don’t have the ability to metabolize it so while mothers have it in their systems for 5-6 hours, embryos have it for days; causes faster heart rate, sleep disturbances
Cocaine impact on fetus
digestive system abnormalities, shorter gestation periods, risk for stroke
alcohol impact on fetus
fetal alcohol spectrum, damages every system it touches, smaller brain, changes in the face (wide eyes, flat face, tipped ears)
cigarettes impact on fetus
damages placenta and ability for oxygen exchange, short gestation period, risk for SIDS, prone to childhood cancers
two psychological approaches to birth
healthy normal event and medical problem
healthy normal event
something people have done for thousands of generations; smooth birth
medical problem
sickness or injury that must be treated at/during birth
obstetricians
common in America, surgically trained in a hospital, high intervention rate, not mother-centered
midwives
common in other cultures, low-risk, home birth, person/mother-centered approach
certified nurse midwives
hospital births, person-centered approach, low intervention rate but has access to surgery and drugs
infertility issues for safety of drugs
drugs that increase egg release at ovulation, cause reproductive cancers as well as more harm due to multiple babies per birth
infertility issues for high rate of multiple births
every additional fetus takes off 2 1/2 weeks of gestation, risks: underdeveloped lungs in premature births –> brain problems
how many births are twins
1 in 100