personality

Question 1

psychoanalysis

Answer 1

Freud
Used free association (couch and speak whatever)
Fascinated with hysteria (meaning uterus, no biological answer to these problems)

Question 2

subsystems of personality

Answer 2

Id, ego,superego

Question 3

Id

Answer 3

from birth
irrational and impulsive, wants immediate gratification
Libido - psychological but sexual energy
Pleasure Principle - wants what it wants now

Question 4

Ego

Answer 4

external reality for the id
1-3 yrs old
rational
mediate between id and superego
reality principle - don’t always get what you want right away

Question 5

Superego

Answer 5

3-5 yr old
morality, conscience/sense of right and wrong

Question 6

defense mechanisms

Answer 6

repression
displacement
reaction formation
rationalization
projection
regression
denial
sublimation

Question 7

repression

Answer 7

push threatening thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness into the unconscious

Question 8

displacement

Answer 8

take threatening thoughts and put them on something else (ex. angry at quiz grade so you yell at your roommate)

Question 9

reaction formation

Answer 9

reversal/doing the opposite of what is called for by threatening thoughts and feelings (ex. terrified of snakes so you become a snake specialist)

Question 10

rationalization

Answer 10

when you want something really badly but it doesn’t work out so you end up believing you never wanted it in the first place

Question 11

projection

Answer 11

uncomfortable thoughts and feelings so you project them on someone else (ex. you love them so then you think they love you)

Question 12

regression

Answer 12

during a hard period of time you “regress” to a more comfortable period of your life (ex. going through divorce so you start to sleep with a stuffed animal)

Question 13

denial

Answer 13

believe it just didn’t happen

Question 14

sublimation

Answer 14

not a reversal!
threatening thoughts are channeled into positive areas
direct ex. you like cutting people up so you become a surgeon
indirect ex. all arts

Question 15

stages of psychosexual development

Answer 15

how personality develops, stages of fixation, shows how childhood is important to future behavior

Question 16

oral stage

Answer 16

birth-1yr
mouth, babies focus on biting, eating, sucking
overindulging leads to biting nails

Question 17

anal stage

Answer 17

1-3yrs
ego emerges!
pleasure is retained from retaining and eliminating waste
too early and harsh = anal retentive
too late and lenient = sloppy

Question 18

phallic stage

Answer 18

3-6 yrs
superego emerges!
oedipus conflict and castration anxiety
electra conflict and penis envy

Question 19

latency stage

Answer 19

6yrs-puberty
superego and ego develop fully

Question 20

genital stage

Answer 20

post-puberty
attraction directed to appropriate partners

Question 21

unconscious conflicts

Answer 21

slips of the tongue/freudian slips - mean to say one thing and something else comes out, thought to be unconscious mind
errors of memory - thinking you did something but you didn’t

Question 22

unconscious conflict: dreams

Answer 22

day residue - non-meaningful dreams
wish fulfillment - too intense dreams
manifest (actual) and latent (hidden meaning)

Question 23

criticism of Freud

Answer 23

hard to prove
concepts are vague
overgeneralizing
retrospective accounts (theory on children without studying them)

Question 24

seduction theory

Answer 24

original, children had actual relations with opposite sex parent during the phallic period

Question 25

biological approach to personality

Answer 25

some or all parts of personality are biologically driven (genes, hormones)

Question 26

learning approach to personality

Answer 26

from our lifetime of associations

Question 27

cognitive social learning approach to personality

Answer 27

what we constructed through processes of imitation
Bandura

Question 28

humanistic approach to personality

Answer 28

we strive to be the best person we can be
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Rogers

Question 29

trait theories approach to personality

Answer 29

personality can be conceptualized as a set of common traits
Eysenck - introversion to extraversion and stable to unstable personality axis

Question 30

the big five

Answer 30

openness - people who like to try new things
conscientiousness - being reliable
extraversion - how you thrive around others
someone looks/how they handle emotions
agreeableness - high scorers are kind and sympathetic
(neuroticism) emotional stability - looking how careful and steady
O.C.E.A.N

Question 31

Erikson vs. Freud

Answer 31

more emphasis on ego
wider culture vs family (freud)
throughout life vs childhood

Question 32

Erikson stages

Answer 32

trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame and doubt (exploration)
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority (new adult-like roles)
identity vs. role confusion
intimacy vs. isolation
generatively vs. stagnation (giving back)
ego integrity vs. despair

Question 33

terror-management theory

Answer 33

people’s response/anxiety to their impending death

Question 34

projective tests

Answer 34

TAT - real-life images, people express what they are feeling
Rorschach inkblot test

Question 35

reciprocal determinism

Answer 35

interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition and environment

Question 36

what personality theory used projective tests?

Answer 36

psychodynamic

Question 37

self-serving bias

Answer 37

a readiness to perceive ourselves favorably

Question 38

spotlight effect

Answer 38

overestimating others’ noticing our appearance, performance and blunders