Soc15 : The Structure Of The Heart

Question 1

Cardio-Respiratory System

Answer 1

The interaction of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to muscles during exercise

Question 2

Cardiovasular

Answer 2

To do with the heart, blood and blood vessels together

Question 3

Vasolidation

Answer 3

When veins swell up or dilate ; widening of the internal diameter (lumen) of the blood vessel to allow increased blood flow

Question 4

Vasoconstriction

Answer 4

when veins shrink down; narrowing of the internal diameter (lumen) of blood vessel to decrease blood flow

Question 5

What are the three functions of the cardio vascular system ?

Answer 5

Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients
Helps clot our blood
Controls the body’s temperature

Question 6

What is Vascular Shunting ?

Answer 6

Your muscles need more blood for movement and so
move away from the organs to the muscles
The process is called vascular shunting
Your heart starts to beat faster and your blood vessels
constrict into order to divert the blood to the muscles
Your reflexes get faster and your muscles may tense up

Question 7

What are the 4 characteristics of arteries ?

Answer 7

Arteries take blood away from the heart
Arteries have thick walls and are more elastic than veins as they carry blood
which is at a higher pressure than veins as they carry oxygenated blood
The channel the blood flows through, called the lumen, can widen to allow more
blood through when you so that it can reach the working muscles
The pulmonary artery is different from other arteries as it carries deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 8

What are the 4 characteristsics of the veins ?

Answer 8

Veins carry blood into the heart
Veins have much thinner walls, are less elastic and carry blood at a lower
pressure
Veins contain many valves which helps deoxygenated blood flow to the heart
The pulmonary vein is different to other veins as it carries oxygenated blood
from the lungs back to the heart

Question 9

What are the 4 characteristics of the Capillaries ?

Answer 9

Capillaries are microscopic vessels - just one cell thick
At one end, capillaries carry oxygenated blood which transfers oxygen and
nutrients to the muscles
At the other end, they carry deoxygenated blood into the veins, picking up waste
products and taking them around the body to dispose of them
Capillaries are where gaseous exchange takes place

Question 10

What is the role of the Pulmonary vein

Answer 10

Bring oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 11

Pulmonary artery

Answer 11

Takes deoxygenated blood to lungs

Question 12

What is the role of the vena cava ?

Answer 12

Takes deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart

Question 13

What is the role of the Aorta

Answer 13

Takes oxygenated blood around the body

Question 14

Red blood cells

Answer 14

Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs

Question 15

White blood cells

Question 16

Platelets

Answer 16

Blood platelets are formed in the bone marrow
Tiny fragments that clump together to help blood clot and stop bleeding
Blood is the first line of defence in the repair of a wound
When a blood vessel is cut, platelets rush to the area and swell into irregular
shapes, they become sticky and act as a plug
If a performer gets a skin abrasion/cut the blood platelets will clot to stop the
bleeding