Soc14 : Muscular System

Question 1

Voluntary Muscles

Answer 1

Voluntary Muscles are under your control, you can choose when to contract or relax them. All these muscles are attached to the skeleton via

Question 2

Involuntary muscles

Answer 2

Involuntary muscles are not under our control. They contract
and relax automatically controlled by the involuntary nervous
system. They can be found in the digestive organs, circulatory
and urinary systems.

Question 3

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 3

Only found in the wall of the heart it is a very specialised type
of involuntary muscle, Cardia muscle is made up of interlaced
fibres. These fibres can spread electronical signals from the
brain right through the heart so that all the cells can contract
together. This regulates your heart rate and means that when
you exercise your heart keeps pumping in the right way

Question 4

Deltoid

Answer 4

Rounded, triangular muscle on the uppermost part of the arm. It moves the arm in all directions at the shoulder. E.g Serving in tennis

Question 5

Pectoralis major

Answer 5

Covering the chest. Adduct the arm at the shoulder. E.g Forehand drive in tennis

Question 6

Latissmus dorsi

Answer 6

Broad sheet of muscle that extends from the lower region of the spine to the humerus. Addict and extend the arm at the shoulder. E.g Butterfly stroke in swimming

Question 7

Biceps

Answer 7

Front of the upper arm. Flexes the arm at the elbow. E.g Pull up, drawing a bow in archery

Question 8

Triceps

Answer 8

Back of the upper arm. Extend the arm at the elbow. E.g Press up, throwing a javelin

Question 9

External Obliques

Answer 9

To the side of the abdomen, running from the lower half, of the ribs down to the pelvis. Pulls the chest downwards ; flex and rotate the spinal column ; one side contracting creates a side bend. E.g Crunches in the gym

Question 10

Gluteals

Answer 10

Form the buttocks. Gluteas maximus lies just under the skin, and is attached to the femur. Adduct and extend leg at the hips. E.g pulling back leg before kicking a ball

Question 11

Muscle Fibres

Answer 11

Make up voluntary ( skeletal ) muscle ; divided into type 1, type 2a and type 2x

Question 12

Type 1

Answer 12

Slow twitch muscle finres ; suited to low imtensity work, e.g. marathon running, as they can be used for a long period without fatiguing

Question 13

Type 2a

Answer 13

Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work ; can be improved through endurance training to increase their resistance to fatigue

Question 14

Type 2x

Answer 14

Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work and can generate much greater force than other fibre types, but fatigue quickly

Question 15

Myoglobin

Answer 15

A red pigment that transports oxygen to the muscles

Question 16

Antagonistic pair

Answer 16

Muscles that work together to create movement