SNA, Reinforcement Schedules

Question 1

List the 4 basic schedules of intermittent reinforcement.

Answer 1

Fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable ratio, variable interval

Question 2

List the 6 forms of differential reinforcement

Answer 2

DRA, DRO, DRI, DRD, DRL, DRH

Question 3

List the 7 types of compound schedules

Answer 3

Concurrent, mixed, multiple, chained, tandem, alternative, conjunctive

Question 4

T/F: Continuous reinforcement and
intermittent reinforcement are the
same thing.

Answer 4

False, are not the same thing

Question 5

T/F: Ratio strain is what happens when the schedule of reinforcement has
been thinned too quickly.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T/F: Continuous reinforcement is used
to help establish new behaviors.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

T/F: Schedule thinning refers to
systematically decreasing the
response ratio or duration of time of
the interval.

Answer 7

False, increasing

Question 8

T/F: An intermittent schedule is used to
help establish new behaviors.

Answer 8

False, continuous

Question 9

T/F: DRO (Differential Reinforcement of
Other Behavior) is used for
eliminating the target behavior

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F: Fixed interval schedule produces
the highest rate of responding.

Answer 10

False, variable ratio

Question 11

T/F: Variable ratio produces the lowest rate of responding.

Answer 11

False, highest rate of responding

Question 12

T/F: Fixed ratio and fixed interval both
have post reinforcement pauses.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T/F: A DRA (differential reinforcement of
alternative behavior) provides
reinforcement for a functionally
equivalent replacement behavior.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F: Concurrent schedules of
reinforcement goes with the hashtag
#matchinglaw.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

This schedule of reinforcement
provides reinforcement for the
first response given after a fixed
amount of time.

Answer 15

Fixed Interval

Question 16

This schedule of reinforcement
provides reinforcement after a set
amount of correct responses
given.

Answer 16

Fixed Ratio

Question 17

This schedule of reinforcement
provides reinforcement around an
average amount of correct
responses.

Answer 17

Variable Ratio

Question 18

This schedule of reinforcement
provides reinforcement for the
first correct response after an
average amount of time.

Answer 18

Variable Interval

Question 19

What is associated with Concurrent schedules of reinforcement?

Answer 19

.#MatchingLaw

Question 20

Compound schedule of
reinforcement that presents two
or more basic schedules of
reinforcement in an alternating
usually random sequence. There
is an Sd present

Answer 20

Multiple

Question 21

Schedule of reinforcement that #OccursInSpecificOrder. Sd is present

Answer 21

Chained

Question 22

This is similar to multiple
schedules of reinforcement
however there is no Sd. Compound schedule of
reinforcement that presents two
or more basic schedules of
reinforcement in an alternating
usually random sequence. There
is NO Sd present

Answer 22

Mixed

Question 23

This compound schedule of
reinforcement is similar to
chained, except there is no Sd
present. #OccursInRandomOrder

Answer 23

Tandem

Question 24

This compound schedule of
reinforcement provides
reinforcement whenever the
requirement of either an interval
schedule or ratio schedule is met.

Answer 24

Alternative

Question 25

This compound schedule is for
one behavior only and
reinforcement is given following
the completion for both an
interval schedule and a ratio
schedule.

Answer 25

Conjunctive

Question 26

This schedule of reinforcement
provides reinforcement for every
correct response.

Answer 26

CRF

Question 27

This is a procedure where no
reinforcement is given to a
previously reinforced behavior

Answer 27

Extinction

Question 28

Mary gives her dog scratches every 10 minutes just because. Her dog
doesn’t have to do anything at all, just receive the love. What schedule of
reinforcement is this

Answer 28

FT (fixed time)

Question 29

Mike is working with a client and is changing his schedule of
reinforcement strategically. They are currently using a continuous
schedule because the client just started. Next week they will move to a
schedule of FR1.5 and if that’s successful the following week they will move
to a FR2 schedule of reinforcement. Mike is using which of the following?

Answer 29

Schedule Thinning

Question 30

Jimmy is running a match to sample program with his little learner who is 4. His BCBA told him recently to add a pause before giving the learner his reinforcer, which today is a youtube video of Peppa Pig. What kind of schedule is Jimmy using?

Answer 30

Delay to reinforcement

Question 31

Mrs. Jenny has a student who blurts out a lot. She really wants this
student to increase their hand raising behavior. To increase hand raising, which of the following should Mrs. Jenny use?

Answer 31

DRH

Question 32

Katie is teaching her student Lilly to keep her hands to herself in the
hallway. Lilly sometimes reaches out to others in passing and grabs their clothing. Instead, Katie is reinforcing Lilly for putting her hands in her pockets. Which of the following schedules is Katie most likely using?

Answer 32

DRI

Question 33

Scotty is teaching his little client how to say “hello”. Every time he says “hello”, Scotty delivers his client’s reinforcement. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

Answer 33

CRF

Question 34

Sometimes, Jennifer gets candy when she throws a tantrum and other times, she does not. What schedule of reinforcement does this best exemplify?

Answer 34

Intermittent Reinforcement

Question 35

Morticia has been giving Gomez a candy each and every time he sits
properly at the table. However, she starts to give him candy every sixth
time he sits at the table. Gomez starts to yell and scream and does not respond as well as before. This is an example of….

Answer 35

Ratio Strain

Question 36

Tony’s teacher no longer calls on him when he talks out of turn. She only calls on him when he raises his hand. Tony’s behavior of calling out is being placed on what?

Answer 36

Extinction

Question 37

Liat is being given a choice of seeing Alanis Morrissette or watching
Pavlov eat at the same time. She chooses to go see Anlanis Morrissette because it is more reinforcing for her at the moment. What type of schedule of reinforcement has been presented to Liat?

Answer 37

Concurrent

Question 38

The coach at a local high school tells his athletes that they can either do a hundred jumping jacks or continuously do jumping jacks for 10 minutes. What type of compound schedule of reinforcement does this best
describe?

Answer 38

Alternative

Question 39

Celeine’s gymnastics coach says that they have to do 50 squats and
complete them within 10 minutes. What type of compound schedule of reinforcement does this best exemplify?

Answer 39

Conjunctive

Question 40

At school, Jamie is called on every third time by her math teacher. However, at home with her tutor she is called on every single time. What compound schedule of reinforcement does this best describe?

Answer 40

Multiple

Question 41

Maggie is tired of hearing her daughters argue. She tells them that she will buy them candy bars if they can both count how many cars they pass by in a 10 minute timeframe. Maggie is using what type of differential
reinforcement?

Answer 41

DRA

Question 42

When Nelson gets nervous he starts picking his nose. His teacher sets up a plan where he is reinforced every time he puts his hands in his pants pockets instead of picking his nose. What type of differential reinforcement is Nelson’s teacher utilizing?

Answer 42

DRI

Question 43

Megan is sick and tired of her husband smoking. She tells him that if he smokes less than 15 cigarettes a day she will buy him a pretty set of pens. What type of differential reinforcement is Megan using?

Answer 43

DRL

Question 44

Definition of Compound Schedules of Reinforcement

Answer 44

A combination of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement or differential reinforcement schedules

Question 45

Basic Schedules of Reinforcement

Answer 45

Fixed Ratio (FR)
Variable Ratio (VR)
Fixed Interval (FI)
Variable Interval (VI)

Question 46

Common Differential Schedules of Schedules of Reinforcement

Answer 46

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors (DRO)
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)
Differential Reinforcement of High Rates (DRH)
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL)

Question 47

Types of Compound Schedules of Reinforcement

Answer 47

Concurrent Schedule (Conc)
Multiple Schedule (Mult)
Mixed Schedule (Mix)
Chained Schedule (Chain)
Tandem Schedule (Tand)
Alternative Schedule (Alt)
Conjunctive Schedule (Conj)

Question 48

Concurrent Schedule of Reinforcement

Answer 48

2 of more contingencies of reinforcement occurring simultaneously but independently

2 more behaviors

MATCHING LAW

Question 49

Multiple Schedule of Reinforcement

Answer 49

2 or more basic schedules of reinforcement that alternate, often randomly, but, at the same time, there is an SD associated with each schedule

One behavior

BEHAVIOR CONTRAST

Question 50

Mixed Schedule of Reinforcement

Answer 50

2 or more basic schedules of reinforcement that alternate, often randomly, but there is not an SD associated with each schedule

Behavior contrast probably won’t take effect (at least for any reason that will reveal itself) because there’s nothing to associate the schedule with

ABRITRARY MULTIPLE

Question 51

Chained Schedule of Reinforcement

Answer 51

Two or more basic schedules of reinforcement that are sequential and in a specific order

Each step of the chain is an SD for the next step of the chain

TASK ANALYSIS, or FORWARD CHAINING PROCEDURE

Question 52

Tandem Schedule of Reinforcement

Answer 52

Two or more basic schedules of reinforcement that are sequential but not in a specific order

Sequence could be trial-and-error, or, “winging it” or “going off the top of your head” to complete a task
No SD

UNSIGNALED CHAIN

Question 53

Alternative Schedule of Reinforcement

Answer 53

Two or more basic schedules of reinforcement operate simultaneously with reinforcement earned when one of the schedule aspects is completed (whichever comes first)

There will be an FI and and FR schedule but only one has to be completed for reinforcement to occur

EITHER/OR

Question 54

Conjunctive Schedule of Reinforcement

Answer 54

Two or more basic schedules of reinforcement operate simultaneously with reinforcement earned when both of the schedule aspects is completed

Both an FI and FR schedule of some type will have to be met

BOTH

Question 55

Gavin is at busy bus terminal and craves vending machine soup. He removes a credit card from the wallet he pickpocketed a few minutes prior, shoves it into the slot chip-first, presses the button designated only for soup, waits until the process of the soup filling a Styrofoam bowl finishes, and removes the soup from the designated spot below. What compound schedule of reinforcement does this reflect?

Answer 55

Chained Schedule

The steps italicized above have to occur in a specific sequence with each step being an SD for the next step. Gavin couldn’t have done these steps in a different order and still accesses reinforcement.

Question 56

Many of Beth’s educators are fed up with Beth getting a break every time Beth mands for one during work times since the BCBA hasn’t updated her program for months. When the BCBA takes a week off to mourn the death of his pet hermit crab, some of the educators decide to take action. Brynna, one of Beth’s paras, is not among them. She continues to grant Beth a break every time Beth hands her the break card. Carol, another of Beth’s paras, gives the break on a VR-3 schedule of Beth handing her the break card. When the BCBA returns, he’s aghast, crying out, “This is a mutiny! Our team is now using a _____________ schedule of reinforcement!”

Answer 56

Multiple Schedule

While FR-1 vs. VR-3 may be utilized randomly, they’re each associated with a specific staff person. The likelihood for behavior contrast to emerge is high.

Question 57

Amanda has decorated her wall with pictures of actors and actresses from Law and Order: Special Victim’s Unit. Included are Mariska Hargitay, Dann Florek, Kelly Giddish, Ice-T, Christoper Meloni, and Tamara Tunie but no longer Richard Belzer because it’s too heartbreaking to her to see him. She likes to touch one and only one of the pictures each morning before starting her day for luck. She used to vary it but has noticed when she touches Dann Florek’s picture, her day doesn’t go well but when she touches Kelly Giddish’s picture, things tend to go great. She has even collected data on this. Her touching Kelly Giddish’s photo versus Dann Florek’s or, really, that of any other SVU actor or actress, is a _________________ schedule of reinforcement.

Answer 57

Concurrent

There are multiple responses available to Amanda italicized above in the form of touching the photo of a number of actors and actresses but she gears her choice based upon what she feels brings the most reinforcement—i.e., the Matching Law

Question 58

Beth’s BCBA changed her manding for a break program back to the FR-1 schedule. He’s the recipient of a new pet hermit crab so he takes a week off for paternity leave. Beth’s paras all decide to enact their own reinforcement schedules based upon both their moods that day and what they think works (kind of but, more so, based on their moods). Brynna, for example, sometimes honors the FR-1 schedule but also sometimes uses a VR-5 schedule. Carol, on the other hand, uses what’s best described as a VR-22 schedule. Still, others working with Beth vary their own schedules of when the break is provided. When the BCBA returns, he cries, “this is anarchy! Our team is now using a _____________ schedule of reinforcement!”

Answer 58

Mixed

There are reinforcement schedules in place since Beth is getting the breaks but these schedule are completely random, even with the same staff person, meaning there’s no SD associated with anyone or anything

Question 59

Gavin leaves the bus station and heads to the local Target, realizing his craving for soup wasn’t satiated by the vending machine. He also realizes a purchase using the credit card he stole may trigger action since it’s more than a few dollars so he decides to pay with the cash in the wallet he stole so he at least has time to make soup at the seedy hotel across the street. Before entering the store, he makes a list of items he needs to make the soup to ensure he has sufficient cash (there’s $78 in the wallet): a hot plate, a sauce pan, shrimp, low-sodium broth, low-sodium sauce, and noodles. Gavin follows this list to the T and leaves for the hotel across the street. He has followed a ____________ schedule of reinforcement.

Answer 59

Chained

Again, a sequence is completed in a specific order with the SD for each step being the next step.

Question 60

Elton, Amanda’s boyfriend, argues with her via text that touching Kelly Giddish’s photo, or, for that matter, anyone’s photo to bring about a desirable response is the product of previous adventitious reinforcement versus actual reinforcement. Tiring of the lecture when she’s trying to work at her library job, Amanda blocks him, unfollows him, and changes her status to single on social media. She pulls out the bag of Peanut M&Ms she brought, sets the timer on her phone, and makes a deal with herself: She will give herself one M&M for either every 10 pictures of Elton she deletes from her phone, or, for every 2 minutes straight she works on deleting his pictures. This is what type of compound schedule of reinforcement?

Answer 60

Alternative

Either FR-10 or FI-2 brings about reinforcement—whatever comes first

Question 61

Gavin enters his hotel room, calculating he has about an hour or so until the police arrive at his door. He looks at the car keys he took from the unknowing clerk at the front desk and realizes he’d better get moving if he’s going to make his soup and escape in time. He foregoes using any recipe to make his shrimp soup and just throws everything into the sauce pan before firing up the hot plate. This is a ________________ schedule of reinforcement.

Answer 61

Tandem

There are multiple steps but no prescribed order to them nor SD associated with any—he’s “winging it”

Question 62

Beth’s BCBA is going to make the most of his week off from work and attempt to train his new hermit crab to crawl on command at the sound of a whistle. He has decided continuous reinforcement is pseudoscience because it leads to mutiny and anarchy so he instead intends to reinforce the hermit crab with a delicious piece of decomposing wood for every five successful crawls across his tank as well as crawling for two consecutive minutes. This is a/an _________________.

Answer 62

Conjunctive

The hermit crab must meet both an FR-5 schedule as well as a FI-2 schedule before accessing reinforcement. There’s no doing one first but not the other to get reinforced.

Question 63

Beth’s BCBA scribbles the following furiously on a note pad: “The crab can crawl across the tank five times after I blow the whistle but if it has only been 90 seconds, the crab needs to keep crawling to get the wood chip. On the other hand, if the crab has been crawling for two minutes after the whistle blows but has only crawled across the tank four times, it has to crawl once more in order to get the wood chip. This is a _____________ schedule. If I gave the crab a wood chip for either crawling across the tank five times or crawling for two minutes, this would be a _______________ schedule.”

Answer 63

Conjunctive and Alternative

In the first instance, the hermit crab must meet both schedules to access reinforcement. In the second instance, the hermit crab will be reinforced for meeting one or the other—whichever comes first.

Question 64

Amanda can barely conceal her disdain as the librarian lectures her for putting two books back in the wrong location the previous day. The librarian states importance of putting books back properly, explains how the Dewey Decimal System works in regard to their location, takes a book to show Amanda how to do it, hands Amanda another book and asks Amanda to then show her how it’s done, and gives Amanda the feedback she did it correctly but the proof will be when she has to again put books away. The librarian reiterates putting books away must follow a specific sequence of steps. Amanda decides to prove a point of her own by grabbing a stack of books to put away and randomly placing them on all different shelves without any regard to the Dewey Decimal System. This is a ________________schedule.

Answer 64

Tandem

Putting books away is a multi-step process but Amanda elects to do so in no particular order, rendering it so there’s no SD for any of the steps

Question 65

Gavin has just finished eating his soup when he hears someone pounding on his second floor hotel room door. He considers the window in the bathroom, which he could crawl out and get on a staircase. He then considers another window that he could just jump out. He grabs the hotel clerk’s keys and ponders his past experience of a police officer likely waiting at the bottom against the possibility he may get injured jumping. He opts for the jump. What type of compound schedule is this?

Answer 65

Concurrent

There are two different behaviors with a different SD associated with both.

Question 66

Gavin’s knees buckle pretty hard but Yoga with Adriene has really paid off for him, both in body and spirit, and he manages to start sprinting toward the cars in the hotel parking lot. He sees one sign for guest parking, where there are only about a half-dozen cars, as well as another for employee parking, where there are only two cars. Gripping the keys he stole, he runs toward the employee parking sign. This is a ________________ schedule.

Answer 66

Concurrent

Again, two different behaviors (running toward one parking lot or the other) with a different SD associated with each

Question 67

Beth is at recess playing. Her previous BCBA has been suspended after being arrested for disturbing the peace for continuously blowing a whistle at his apartment complex. The BCBA filling in creates a independent group contingency for Beth’s classmates in which they’ll be given verbal praise for “being a great friend” when Beth approaches them at recess and they attempt to include her. That said, not every child cares to partake while others are all about it. When Beth approaches a boy named Tyler, he always gives her a high five and tries to get her to join his group. When Beth approaches a girl named Vivian, she attempts to include her on an average of every third time. Which schedule?

Answer 67

Multiple

While there’s a randomness to it, Beth can contrast that when she approaches one kid, she’ll be reinforced while the odds are less likely with another kid. In other words, for the one behavior, there are two distinct SDs.

Question 68

Amanda has to work the front desk while the librarian is on her lunch break. She’s not necessarily a fan of those who frequent the library, let alone approach the desk. She puts in ear buds and listens to a raw cut of a podcast she’s trying to get off the ground about Law and Order: SVU. During this time, a dozen people approach the desk for help. She responds to a couple of them in friendly fashion, ignores a few others, and is curt with the rest. There’s no particular reason as to why she responds to different people in different ways and the order is completely random. This schedule is ___________________

Answer 68

Mixed

There’s no SD and the order is random.

Question 69

A behavioral principle that states that behavior occurs in direct proportion to reinforcement available for each behavior.

Answer 69

Matching Law