FBA Flashcards
What are the 3 components of informed consent?
Capacity, Information, Voluntariness
The purpose of conducting a functional assessment is to:
Obtain information of a particular behavior
What is the major assumption we make when conducting an FBA?
Behavior is functional
The major assumption we make when conducting an FBA followed what attitude of science?
Determinism/Lawfulness of Behavior
Systematically manipulating controlling variables is a part of which FBA method?
Functional Analysis
Observing the individual in the natural environment is a part of which FBA method?
Descriptive Assessment
Interviewing the individual and/others who know them best is a part of which FBA method?
Indirect Methods
What predictions do we hope to make about behavior when conducting an FBA?
Both conditions under which behavior is most likely to occur and consequences that maintain behavior
A mosquito be me on the arm. Now it itches! It feels better when I scratch it. Then a minute later it would itch again, so I scratch again?
Negative Reinforcement
What are the three levels of science?
Description, Prediction, Control
Behaviors with different topographies may serve similar functions
True
An FBA is the process of looking at relationships between the environment and behavior. (T/F?)
True
A functional analysis is the least rigorous method of behavior assessment. T/F?
False
The BACB recommends the use of ____________ to learn, maintain and generalize the skills needed to conduct FBAs.
Behavior Skills Training
The goal of a good FBA is to bring ___________ and __________ to otherwise chaotic and confusing situations.
Clarity and Understanding
It is acceptable for practitioners to conduct an FBA independently after attending a two-day workshop on the topic. T/F?
False
Behaviors that directly terminate aversive stimulation are maintained by __________
Automatic Negative Reinforcement
Current FBA research focuses on ____ of the behaviors and no the _______
Function and not the form
Jenny is a surrogate for her sister, Claudia. Claudia’s group home facilitator wants to implement an overcorrection procedure because she keeps dumping out her dresser drawers. Jenny has signed consent for the procedure but Claudia keeps yelling that she doesn’t want to do it when the staff tries to implement it. What is the next step?
They must discontinue the procedure.
Procedure when a neutral stimulus is presented with an unconditioned stimulus until that neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response-
Respondent Conditioning
The process of altering the frequency and/or strength of behavior through consequences
Operant Conditioning
A group of stimulu sharing common elements
Stimulus Class
A group of responses with the same function
Response Class
Statements that describe the occurrence of phenomena under study as a function of specific variables
Functional Relation
Ruling out simple explanations before considering more complex ones
Parsimony
The manipulation of environmental variables
Experimentation
Repeating an experiment under the same conditions
Replication
Practice of objective observation
Empiricism
The lawfulness of behavior
Determinism
MAS stands for what?
Motivation Assessment Scale
The MAS and QABF are two types of:
Behavior Rating Scales
What are the following dimensions of ABA
Applied, behavioral, technological
Respondent behaviors are ______ & _______
Involuntary and unlearned
Operant behaviors are _______ & _________
Voluntary and learned
What are some of the several limitations to indirect methods of assessment?
Poor reliability, subjective, not sufficient enough to identify functional relations
What are some of the strengths to indirect methods of assessment
No risk to individual, structured, useful as initial steps
Is the following a topographical or functional operational definition?
After voiding in the toilet, placing hand on flushing handle, pressing down with enough force that results in water exiting the toilet bowl, then releasing the handle.
Functional
What are the 3 characteristics of a good operational definition:
Clear, objective, complete
The FAI is a rating scale. T/F?
False
Healy, Brett, & Leader (2013) identify what three types of stimuli maintaining problem behavior?
Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and automatic reinforcement
Heather wants to increase a response class of staying in seat and engaging with work materials for a client of hers. Which would be the best measurement procedure to use?
Whole Interval Recording
The three components to informed consent are:
Information, capacity, voluntariness
The recognition that the environment selects behavior avoids the use of
Mentalism
Jessica doesn’t like to eat broccoli and will engage in a number of behaviors to avoid having to eat them, such as throw the bowl on the floor, scream, run away from the table, and cry. These are all related how?
Functional Response Class
Megan is a behavior analyst consultant within a school district and was recently asked to conduct an FBA on a student in the 5th grade. What should she do first?
Conduct indirect assessment
It is recommended that the same assessment tool be used across every client a behavior analyst is assessing so that the behavior analyst becomes familiar with the tool. T/F?
False
According to the BACB and the ethics around functional behavioral assessment in behavior analysis, who is qualified to conduct an FBA?
Graduate student, a BCBA, and a BcABA supervised by a BCBA
Consent must be gained for individual interventions separately. T/F?
True
The experimenter has demonstrated a functional relation.
Analytic
When the behavior change lasts over time, appears in different settings and spreads to other behaviors not directly treated.
Generality
To investigate behaviors of social significance.
Applied
Procedures are clearly described so they can be replicated.
Technological
Behaviors are measurable and improve behavior to a practical degree.
Behavioral
Results are meaningful and improve behavior to a practical degree.
Effective
Behavior change procedures derive from their relevant principles of behavior.
Conceptually Systematic
The practice of objective observation
Empiricism
A truck’s engine was too loud, so Alice slammed the door shut to stop the engine sound. Whenever Alice hears a truck driving close, she slams the door shut so she doesn’t hear the engine.
What is your hypothesized function (and principle) of Alice’s behavior?
Escape (Negative reinforcement)
all stimuli are within view, and the chosen stimulus during each trial is again presented in subsequent trials
Multiple Stimulus with Replacement
stimuli are presented one at a time, and the individual’s response to the stimuli is recorded.
Single Stimulus
All stimuli are within view, and the chosen stimulus during each trial is removed in subsequent trials
Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement
the individual is directed to make a choice of two stimuli, and the individual’s response is recorded
Paired Choice
Gregg doesn’t like music class, and as his class walks to the music room he tears papers off the wall and his teacher brings him back to the classroom instead of letting him go to music. Gregg tears papers off the wall every time he walks to music. What form of reinforcement is maintaining tearing paper behavior?
Social Negative Reinforcement (Avoidance)
Which assessment method answers, “When I see this, I see that”
Descriptive Assessment
An SD signals ___ of reinforcement, and an MO signals ___ of reinforcement.
Availability and effectiveness.
Who, from the professionals listed below, can conduct a direct observation for a descriptive assessment?
Classroom teacher, behavior analyst, paraprofessional. All the above
A correlation indicates there is a causal, functional relation. T/F?
False
A paired choice preference assessment is also known as what?
Forced-Choice
A scatterplot can identify temporal patterns between the behavior and the environment. T/F?
True
The purpose of a descriptive assessment is to complete systematic manipulations to identify the function of the target behavior. T/F
False
An effect of the Motivating Operation on behavior can be described as what?
An increase in the value of a stimulus as a reinforcer that has been previously conditioned.
Every time Sara’s mother asks her to make her bed Sara yells, “Leave me alone!” and stomps out of her room. Sara’s mother sighs and makes the bed herself.
What is your hypothesized function (and principle) of Sara’s problem behavior?
Escape (Social negative reinforcement)
Motivating Operations are considered to be what?
Antecedent events
As a general rule, it is safer to assume that a high preference item identified through a trial-based method of assessment is more likely to serve as a reinforcer than one identified via a survey method of assessment. T/F?
True
In this type of preference assessment, the learner is exposed to many stimuli at one time and after selection of a stimulus, is given time to engages with this stimulus. After they have finished engagement with the stimulus, the stimulus is unavailable for the remainder of the trials.
MSWO
Treatment effects might be enhanced as a function of conducting ____________ prior to each session.
Reinforcement Assessments
Harry was hiking in the woods with his young daughter and happened upon a beehive. He suddenly became fearful that the bees were going to attack him so he yelled, “RUN!” to his daughter, grabbed her hand and booked it down the street. Seeing the beehive and bees serves as which of the following?
An MO
What are the similarities between the Sd and the MO?
Both are antecedent events and both alter the probability of the response.
If Chip yells during the contingent attention condition of the functional analysis, how would Pam respond to his behavior?
Reprimand and comfort
Which assessment method answers “When I did this, I saw that?”
Functional Analysis
Systematic manipulations are the method of setting up analog conditions to observe effects on behavior. T/F?
True
In the Iwata et al., study, the authors used an reversal experimental design. T/F?
False
What type of analysis test hypothesis of antecedents (triggers) on the occurrences of behavior, without contingently manipulating consequences?
Structural Analysis
Pam is conducting a functional analysis with Chip, who yells. Pam is implementing a contingent attention condition. How could Pam set up the antecedent component to test for attention?
She should instruct Chip to play with toys and ignore him
The control condition in a functional analysis can also be referred to as the alone condition. T/F?
False
Which assessment method answers, “When I see this, I see that?”
Descriptive Assessment
Response effort suggests the probability of a particular behavior being performed ________ as the effort to respond increases.
Decreases
When conducting a trial-based functional analysis (e.g., Bloom et al., 2011), the experimental conditions are conducted under what type of environment?
In the client’s natural environment
Partial interval time sampling data _______ behavior and whole interval time sampling data _________ behavior.
Overestimates; underestimates
In a trial-based functional analysis, the researcher is simply recording the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the problem behavior during each pre-determined assessment trial. T/F?
True
What type of research design was used in Iwata et al., study?
Multi-Element
A functional analysis involves presenting new contingencies. T/F?
False
Identify two variations to the methodology presented in the standard (i.e., traditional / extended) functional analysis that have been researched and published (note - you learned about more than two):
Latency-based, synthesized, brief, trial-based, and single
What are the three components of informed consent
Voluntary, information, and capacity
Which of the following item identified from a records review does not pertain directly to treatment of problem behavior?
Diagnosis
Which item below is typically considered a disadvantage / limitation to descriptive assessment methodologies.
Time consuming
The idea that the environment selects behavior is akin to which characteristic of science?
Selectionism
In an MSWO preference assessment, the learner is presented with all stimuli upon the start of the assessment and ________
after a stimulus is chosen, it is not replaced back in the array
A systematic manipulation includes which portion of the FBA process?
Functional analysis
You are conducting a standard (extended) FA with your student, Jimmy. Jimmy engages in aggression in the form of hitting or slapping. One of the conditions of the
FA you are running is the escape condition. How will you set up the antecedent component to test for escape?
Present a demand to Jimmy
The following is an operational definition used in a treatment procedure for Erik: when presented with a table work task (e.g. a worksheet , picture cards), Erik
will throw or swipe the items presented resulting in the table being cleared in front of him. An FA determined that the behavioral function was escape. Which is the
best measure to use for this behavior and the correct type of operant described?
Percent Opportunity/ Restricted Operant
Indirect assessment methods are inherently weaker than descriptive and systematic methods. Limitations of indirect assessment methods include:
Poor reliability
Mikayla conducted an FBA for her client, Frank. The target behavior for
reduction was aggression with a maintaining variable of attention. Which of the following intervention(s) would be appropriate and function-based?
Noncontingent Reinforcement
A low-preference stimulus identified by a trial-based preference assessment method would indicate that the stimulus was chosen when?
Less than 50% of the time
When implementing function-based interventions to reduce problem
behaviors, it is important to consider the MOs that have been established which have increased the value of the reinforcing stimuli for problem behavior. After identifying these MOs, we must seek to weaken them, which will have ______ effects on the behavior change.
Temporary Effects
The next condition you are running in the standard FA for Jimmy is the attention condition. Recall that Jimmy’s target behavior for assessment is aggression in the
form of hitting and slapping. What will you do if Jimmy yells when you remove attention from him?
Do Nothing
To answer the question, “When I see this, I see that,” we conduct a ________. To answer the question, “When I did this, I saw that,” we conduct a _________.
Descriptive assessment/ Functional Analysis
Which condition is typically used as a control condition in a functional analysis?
Play
An Sd signals _____ of reinforcement and an MO identifies the _______ of
reinforcement.
Availability; value
A ______ is a type of verbal operant that specifies what the speaker wants or needs.
Mand
Assessments that are categorized as behavioral, are done so because they:
Look at conditions under which behavior occurs
When conducting functional behavior assessments, we must make certain assumptions. What is the major assumption we make?
Behavior is Functional
An assumption of offering choices as an intervention strategy is:
As aversiveness of task decreases; problem behavior decreases
Offering choices may function as an ___ for problem behavior because it ________ value of escape as a reinforcer.
AO; decreases
Which of the following is not a verbal operant discussed by Skinner.
Coding
What measurement would be the best to use when the target behavior is for reduction and there aren’t enough resources to record the behavior throughout the entire day?
Partial Interval
Statements that describe the phenomenon under study as a function of specific variables refers to:
Functional Relation
The difference between escape and avoidance (e.g., social negative
reinforcement: escape / avoidance) is:
Escape terminates a stimulus; avoidance postpones a stimulus
Verbal Behavior is __________
Operant
Skinner’s account of verbal behavior has been well received by all in the field of behavior analysis and other related fields. T/F?
False
Which scientific value does Skinner’s analysis of verbal behavior adhere to:
Pragmatism
Which of the following is an example of a textual behavior:
Justin has mastered reading 150 sight words from the Dolch Sight Word List
“Sam will take a shower in the morning before work, using soap and shampoo, so that he is clean.” This is an example of:
A functional definition of behavior
The VB MAPP and the ABLLS-R are two behavioral assessments looking at:
Function of Verbal behavior
When a behavior is maintained by social positive reinforcement, when is problem behavior most likely to occur?
When no access to attention available & no access to preferred item provided
When behavior is maintained by social positive reinforcement, when is problem behavior least likely to occur:
When attention is available
When problem behavior is maintained by social positive reinforcement (attention), what intervention might be chosen to match this function:
Attention extinction, noncontingent attention, and enriched environments
When a behavior is maintained by social positive reinforcement (attention), what intervention is BEST chosen as the first intervention?
Noncontingent attention
When a behavior is maintained by social negative reinforcement, when is problem behavior most likely to occur:
When work tasks are presented, During Non-preferred activity
When behavior is maintained by social negative reinforcement, what
intervention might be chosen to match this function:
Offer choices
One goal when choosing an intervention is to:
Increase effort for the problem behavior
Another goal when choosing an intervention is to:
Increase opportunities to gain access to reinforcement for alternative behaviors & Put conditions in place that evoke alternative behaviors
What might be an appropriate function-based intervention Suzie’s teacher may choose for her verbal protests?
Functional Communication Training
Task difficulty may function as an ____ for problem behavior because it _____ the value of escape as a reinforcer.
EO & Increases
An assumption of stimulus demand fading as an intervention strategy is:
Fewer demands decrease problem behavior
Stimuli that are identified through trial based preference assessment are _____ likely to serve as a reinforcer than those identified through an interview preference
assessment.
More
Which method of functional behavior assessment is the most rigorous procedure to identify causal relationship between behavior and environment?
Functional Analysis
The three levels of science include
Description, prediction, and control
Suzie’s verbal protests were observed to occur when a peer took a preferred toy of hers. Her peer gave Suzie the toy when she protested. What is the most probable function of this verbal protest?
Social positive reinforcement: Tangible
A stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has not produced reinforcement in the past
S-Delta
Describes reinforcement punishment that is delivered only after the target behavior has occurred
Contingent
a behavior whose rate and form are governed by its consequences
operant
statements that describe the occurrence of phenomena under study as a function of specific variables
functional relation
a stimulus in the presence of which a response has been reinforced in the past
Sd
Antecedent variable that alters the effectiveness of some variable as a reinforcer and then alters the frequency of a behavior that has been reinforced by the reinforcer in the past
Motivating Operation
a behavioral principle describing a relationship between an antecedent stimulus and response when the rate, frequency, magnitude, latency, or duration of a response is altered in the presence of a stimulus
stimulus control
meaning is found in action not talk about action
pragmatism
manipulation of environmental variables to identify the variables of which a behavior is a function
experimentation
simple explanations are ruled out before more complex are considered
parsimony
When a behavior is maintained by social positive reinforcement, when is problem behavior most likely to occur (choose all that apply):
when no access to attention
When behavior is maintained by social positive reinforcement, when is problem behavior least likely to occur (choose all that apply):
when preferred item is available
When behavior is maintained by social positive reinforcement, what intervention might be chosen to match this function (choose all that apply):
attention extinction, non-contingent attention, enriched environment
Fred’s teacher conducted an FBA and identified his behavior, ripping his paper, was potentially maintained by social negative reinforcement. If Fred’s teacher conducted an FA this hypothesis could be confirmed if Fred ripped his paper at higher rates during which condition?
Demand
Fred’s teacher conducted an FBA and identified his behavior, ripping his paper, was potentially maintained by social negative reinforcement. A potential function-based treatment to consider for Fred’s behavior might be:
Escape Extinction
Fred’s teacher conducted an FBA and identified his behavior, ripping his paper, was potentially maintained by social negative reinforcement. The function based treatment of an escape extinction is what?
Consequence intervention
The high-p request sequence, if effective, produces an _____ effect of the problem behavior.
abative
The high-p request sequence, if effective, _____ the value of reinforcement for noncompliance.
decrease
A high-p request sequence is an example of a(n)
Antecedent intervention
One way response effort can be considered when developing an intervention is: Reduce response effort to engage in ____________, and increase response effort to engage in __________.
alternative behavior; problem behavior
Another way response effort can be considered when developing intervention is: Increase reinforcement for ____________ and decrease reinforcement for __________.
Alternative behavior; problem behavior
Behavioral recommendation made at the culmination of an assessment, include which components (choose all that apply):
are function based, research based, include antecedent and consequence strategies, and include recommendations for measuring behavior change
Tse et al (2007) conducted an assessment on a social skill training protocol. Prior to beginning the research, the authors hypothesized that social skill training would have a positive (increasing) effect on social skills but not on problem behavior. By the end of the study, the authors confirmed their hypothesis. T/F?
false
The Social Skills Solutions (McKinnon & Krempa, 2002) assessment asks the interviewee to answer whether each behavioral component occurs under which of the following conditions:
1:1, group, natural setting
Verbal behavior, as defined by Skinner, is a result of:
Operant Conditioning
TPRA (Ross, Singer-Dudek, & Greer, 2005) is a tool used in training and supervision of behavioral services. TPRA is used to collect data on:
teacher performance rate and accuracy
The major premise of Skinner’s analysis of verbal behavior, is that verbal behavior is what?
Functional
Mary is a BCBA who is consulting to a public school classroom where she has written several programs for students to increase performance across a variety of academic skills. Mary is concerned that the data for the programs are highly variable. Mary’s first step in rectifying this issue should be:
Collect Data on treatment integrity
Mand
Motivation, deprivation of activity
Tact
Non-verbal stimulus, seeing swings when driving past
Echoic
Verbal stimulus, verbal behavior with correspondence/formal similarity
Intra-verbal
Verbal stimulus/ what do you find at the park?
Textual
Verbal stimulus/ written word “swing”
