Small Animal Anesthesia Flashcards
what are the goals of premedication?
minimize stress and facilitate restraint
decrease additional drug requirements
enhance perioperative analgesia
what do most premedications include?
opiate and
benzodiazepine
acepromazine
demedetomidine or zenalpha
alfaxalone or ketamine less common
what are the pure mu agonists (and therefore good for painful patients)?
hydromorphone
methadone
morphine
fentanyl
which of the pure mu agonists provide good sedation?
hydromorphone
morphine
fentanyl
not methadone
what drugs should you not use in sick/scary patients?
acepromazine
dexmedetomidine
metomidine and vatinoxan
what drugs can you used in sick/scary?
midazolam
diazepam
what are the positives of using benzodiazepines for sedation?
minimal cardiovascular depression
minimal respiratory depression
reversible
what are the negatives of using benzodiazepines for sedation?
not good sedatives
sometimes causes disinhibition
is acepromazine reversible?
no
what is acepromazine reliant on for recovery?
hepatic metabolism
what are the positives of dexmedetomidine?
good sedation
reversible
provides analgesia
how does dexmedetomidine cause decreased cardiac output and organ perfusion?
increased SVR/afterload
what are the positives of zenalpha/metomidine and vatinoxan?
good sedation
reversible
provides analgesia
easy to monitor mucous membrane color
faster onset of action
why might you need an anticholinergic?
ocular surgery
surgery near vagosympathetic trunk
high vagal tone
significant bradycardia
myelogram
pediatric patient
what are the induction agents?
ketamine and benzodiazepine
propofol
alfaxalone
ketamine and propofol or alfaxalone
inhalant
which induction agent increases cardiac output?
ketamine: only one
when might you choose ketamine for induction?
painful procedure
critically ill patient: increases cardiac output (not if heart failure or HCM)
what patients should you not use propofol for induction for?
anemic cats
hypotensive patients
septic patients
patient with egg allergy
what are the goals for maintaining in maintenance?
anesthetic depth
level of analgesia
muscle relaxation
cardiovascular stability
what tube size is used for brachycephalics?
5-5.5 mm
what is the average tube size for cats?
4.5 mm
why should you place an IV catheter?
need induction route
need way to give additional medications
need emergency IV access
IV fluids during anesthesia
why should you not over inflate the cuff?
tracheal necrosis
tracheal tears
why are cuffed ET tubes used?
allows to give a breath
prevents aspiration of junk
prevents waste gas exposure to room
prevents patient from breathing room air
