Small Animal Anesthesia

Question 1

what are the goals of premedication?

Answer 1

minimize stress and facilitate restraint
decrease additional drug requirements
enhance perioperative analgesia

Question 2

what do most premedications include?

Answer 2

opiate and
benzodiazepine
acepromazine
demedetomidine or zenalpha
alfaxalone or ketamine less common

Question 3

what are the pure mu agonists (and therefore good for painful patients)?

Answer 3

hydromorphone
methadone
morphine
fentanyl

Question 4

which of the pure mu agonists provide good sedation?

Answer 4

hydromorphone
morphine
fentanyl
not methadone

Question 5

what drugs should you not use in sick/scary patients?

Answer 5

acepromazine
dexmedetomidine
metomidine and vatinoxan

Question 6

what drugs can you used in sick/scary?

Answer 6

midazolam
diazepam

Question 7

what are the positives of using benzodiazepines for sedation?

Answer 7

minimal cardiovascular depression
minimal respiratory depression
reversible

Question 8

what are the negatives of using benzodiazepines for sedation?

Answer 8

not good sedatives
sometimes causes disinhibition

Question 9

is acepromazine reversible?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

what is acepromazine reliant on for recovery?

Answer 10

hepatic metabolism

Question 11

what are the positives of dexmedetomidine?

Answer 11

good sedation
reversible
provides analgesia

Question 12

how does dexmedetomidine cause decreased cardiac output and organ perfusion?

Answer 12

increased SVR/afterload

Question 13

what are the positives of zenalpha/metomidine and vatinoxan?

Answer 13

good sedation
reversible
provides analgesia
easy to monitor mucous membrane color
faster onset of action

Question 14

why might you need an anticholinergic?

Answer 14

ocular surgery
surgery near vagosympathetic trunk
high vagal tone
significant bradycardia
myelogram
pediatric patient

Question 15

what are the induction agents?

Answer 15

ketamine and benzodiazepine
propofol
alfaxalone
ketamine and propofol or alfaxalone
inhalant

Question 16

which induction agent increases cardiac output?

Answer 16

ketamine: only one

Question 17

when might you choose ketamine for induction?

Answer 17

painful procedure
critically ill patient: increases cardiac output (not if heart failure or HCM)

Question 18

what patients should you not use propofol for induction for?

Answer 18

anemic cats
hypotensive patients
septic patients
patient with egg allergy

Question 19

what are the goals for maintaining in maintenance?

Answer 19

anesthetic depth
level of analgesia
muscle relaxation
cardiovascular stability

Question 20

what tube size is used for brachycephalics?

Answer 20

5-5.5 mm

Question 21

what is the average tube size for cats?

Answer 21

4.5 mm

Question 22

why should you place an IV catheter?

Answer 22

need induction route
need way to give additional medications
need emergency IV access
IV fluids during anesthesia

Question 23

why should you not over inflate the cuff?

Answer 23

tracheal necrosis
tracheal tears

Question 24

why are cuffed ET tubes used?

Answer 24

allows to give a breath
prevents aspiration of junk
prevents waste gas exposure to room
prevents patient from breathing room air