Peri-Anesthetic Agents Flashcards
what is general anesthesia characterized by?
muscle relaxation
unconsciousness
amnesia
analgesia
what is responsiveness like with deep sedation/analgesia?
purposeful response following repeated or painful stimulation
why should you perform pre-oxygenation before induction?
delays time to deoxygenation/desaturation: gives time to figure it out
how is acepromazine excreted?
in urine, both conjugated and unconjugated
how is acepromazine metabolized?
hepatic
what are the general effects of acepromazine?
muscle relaxation
sedative (anxiolysis)
when can you use acepromazine?
premedication: young, healthy dogs, horses
postoperative sedation: cardiovascular stable dogs, cats, horses
what are the general effects of alpha2 adrenergic agonists?
analgesia
muscle relaxation
sedation
what is the cardiovascular response to alpha2 adrenergic agonists like?
biphasic: peripheral and then central
decrease cardiac output
do alpha2 adrenergic agonists cause a decrease in coronary artery perfusion or myocardial oxygenation?
no
what are the gastrointestinal effects of alpha2 adrenergic agonists?
decrease motility, ruminal contractions, gastric emptying
salivation, emesis, reflux
what is sedation like with alpha2 adrenergic agonists as the sole agent?
very rousable sedation
what is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?
enhance GABAa receptor affinity for GABA
increased chloride conduction and hyperpolarization of postsynaptic cell
when can you use benzodiazepines for premedication?
neonatal or geriatric
unstable, critical
combined with 2+ other sedatives
what is buprenorphine useful for?
mild to moderate pain, long-acting
post-op analgesia in stable patients
good post-op choice for cats
