Monitoring During Anesthesia

Question 1

what should be monitored during anesthesia?

Answer 1

anesthetic depth
circulation
oxygenation
ventilation
temperature

Question 2

what are some noninvasive monitoring techniques for checking cardiovascular status?

Answer 2

mucus membrane color
CRT
pulse pressure
heart auscultation
blood loss

Question 3

what does the eye do during the surgical plane of anesthesia in most species?

Answer 3

rolls ventral
horses different

Question 4

what is the palpebral reflex like in the surgical plane of anesthesia?

Answer 4

normal usually
present but slower/sluggish in horses

Question 5

what can you use to monitor ventilation noninvasively?

Answer 5

ET CO2
respirometer
arterial blood gas

Question 6

does ECG have a relationship to cardiac output or mean arterial pressure?

Answer 6

no

Question 7

what can you use ECG to monitor?

Answer 7

detect arrhythmias
late indicator of cardiovascular problems

Question 8

what does pulse oximetry do?

Answer 8

estimates arterial oxygenation and monitors heart rate

Question 9

what interferes with accuracy of pulse oximetry?

Answer 9

vasoconstriction
anemia
pigmentation

Question 10

what do all indirect blood pressure techniques do in cats?

Answer 10

underestimate systolic pressure
overestimate mean pressure

Question 11

who are oscillometric indirect blood pressures best for?

Answer 11

over 10 kg

Question 12

what is the minimally acceptable blood pressure for a cat under anesthesia?

Answer 12

doppler >70mmHg

Question 13

what does end tidal CO2 usually reflect?

Answer 13

arterial CO2

Question 14

what can capnography be useful for?

Answer 14

respiratory rate monitor
make sure ET tube is in right place
during anesthesia: why tachypneic
seeing if patient is dead
checking for how effective CPR is

Question 15

what should you monitor to assure circulation?

Answer 15

palpation of peripheral pulse
palpation of heartbeat
auscultation of heart
ECG
blood pressure

Question 16

what is a negative of invasive monitoring techniques?

Answer 16

greater risk for secondary complications

Question 17

what drugs interfere with eye position during anesthesia?

Answer 17

dissociatives

Question 18

why is the corneal reflex not used that much?

Answer 18

lost relatively late and could damage cornea

Question 19

should you respond to bad looking mucus membranes if it is due to alpha2 agonists?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

is an ECG diagnostic for estimating the size of the heart?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

does the ECG have a relationship to cardiac output or MAP?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

can low cardiac output cause low SpO2 values even with normal PaO2?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

what should the cuff height be?

Answer 23

40% of circumference of the limb or tail

Question 24

who is a doppler for blood pressure best for?

Answer 24

all patients

Question 25

what does doppler estimate?

Answer 25

systolic pressure
diastolic difficult to assess

Question 26

what are the good blood pressure values for horses and dogs?

Answer 26

horses: MAP >70mmHg, systolic >90mmHg
dogs: MAP >60mmHg, systolic >80mmHg

Question 27

what blood pressure is good for a cat?

Answer 27

doppler >70mmHg

Question 28

when should you be worried about end tidal CO2?

Answer 28

apnea or high expired CO2

Question 29

how can you assure oxygenation?

Answer 29

check mucus membranes
pulse oximeter
invasive tools