Monitoring During Anesthesia Flashcards
what should be monitored during anesthesia?
anesthetic depth
circulation
oxygenation
ventilation
temperature
what are some noninvasive monitoring techniques for checking cardiovascular status?
mucus membrane color
CRT
pulse pressure
heart auscultation
blood loss
what does the eye do during the surgical plane of anesthesia in most species?
rolls ventral
horses different
what is the palpebral reflex like in the surgical plane of anesthesia?
normal usually
present but slower/sluggish in horses
what can you use to monitor ventilation noninvasively?
ET CO2
respirometer
arterial blood gas
does ECG have a relationship to cardiac output or mean arterial pressure?
no
what can you use ECG to monitor?
detect arrhythmias
late indicator of cardiovascular problems
what does pulse oximetry do?
estimates arterial oxygenation and monitors heart rate
what interferes with accuracy of pulse oximetry?
vasoconstriction
anemia
pigmentation
what do all indirect blood pressure techniques do in cats?
underestimate systolic pressure
overestimate mean pressure
who are oscillometric indirect blood pressures best for?
over 10 kg
what is the minimally acceptable blood pressure for a cat under anesthesia?
doppler >70mmHg
what does end tidal CO2 usually reflect?
arterial CO2
what can capnography be useful for?
respiratory rate monitor
make sure ET tube is in right place
during anesthesia: why tachypneic
seeing if patient is dead
checking for how effective CPR is
what should you monitor to assure circulation?
palpation of peripheral pulse
palpation of heartbeat
auscultation of heart
ECG
blood pressure
what is a negative of invasive monitoring techniques?
greater risk for secondary complications
what drugs interfere with eye position during anesthesia?
dissociatives
why is the corneal reflex not used that much?
lost relatively late and could damage cornea
should you respond to bad looking mucus membranes if it is due to alpha2 agonists?
yes
is an ECG diagnostic for estimating the size of the heart?
no
does the ECG have a relationship to cardiac output or MAP?
no
can low cardiac output cause low SpO2 values even with normal PaO2?
yes
what should the cuff height be?
40% of circumference of the limb or tail
who is a doppler for blood pressure best for?
all patients
