Ruminant and Swine Anesthesia Flashcards
which drug class are ruminants extremely sensitive to?
alpha 2 agonists
why is ruminal tympany a problem?
prevents ventilation
increases risk of regurgitation
do small ruminants have issues with muscle compression?
less than large
what is the toxic dose of local anesthetics?
6-8 mg/kg
why are ruminants difficult to intubate?
have to manually intubate
which side is the esophagus of camelids on?
left side
where can you give intramuscular injections in camelids?
triceps
quadriceps
semitendinosus
epaxial
what are the concerns with camelids?
venous access
intramuscular injection sites different
big bulgy eyes
neck positioning/support
what may indicate a decrease in depth with camelids?
voluntary ventral eyelid movement
what alpha 2 agonists can you use in camelids?
xylazine
detomidine
detomidine gel
what can repeated or traumatic intubation lead to in swine?
airway obstruction
what are the venous options for swine?
auricular vein
cephalic/saphenous veins
jugular vein
what is difficult about venous access in swine?
painfully limited options
difficult to maintain
tiny vessel size
what are the doses for swine of analgesia?
in general similar to dog dosages
where should intramuscular injections be given to swine?
caudal to base of ear
increased needle length to reach muscle
what should you avoid giving alone to swine for induction?
alfaxalone
propofol
how can you monitor depth in swine?
shivering/shaking
eyes
what is swine predisposes them to malignant hyperthermia/capture myopathy?
ryanodine 1 receptor gene
also just predisposed
do ruminants often run into hypotension?
no
what is intubation like with ruminants?
manual intubation
is motility decreased under anesthesia?
yes
why should ruminants be fasted prior to anesthesia?
decrease risk of regurgitation/aspiration
decrease rumen size and pulmonary compression
what can you use for ruminal tympany?
orogastric tube
trocarisation
what should you wait for to extubate a ruminant?
several strong swallows
eructation three times
what opioids can be used in small ruminants?
morphine
hydromorphone
fentanyl patches
buprenorphine
what drugs can you use on camelids?
alpha2 agonists
opioids
ketamine
benzodiazepines
acepromazine
what should you keep in mind about the lungs of a pig?
cranial branching right bronchus
are swine prone to hypoxemia?
yes
