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Anesthesia and Analgesia > Induction Injectable Anesthetics Part I > Flashcards

Induction Injectable Anesthetics Part I Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main sedative/hypnotics?

A

propofol
alfaxalone

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2
Q

what do propofol and alfaxalone cause in the CNS?

A

decreased cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and VO2
dose-dependent depression of CNS
modulates GABAa receptor

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3
Q

what is the lipid emulsion of propofol?

A

soybean oil
egg lecithin

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4
Q

does recovery from propofol depend on liver function?

A

no

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5
Q

where does propofol cause depression?

A

respiratory
cardiovascular

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6
Q

does propofol provide analgesia?

A

no

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7
Q

how does propofol cause respiratory depression?

A

decreased responsiveness to elevations in CO2 and hypoxemia

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8
Q

how does propofol cause cardiovascular depression?

A

decreased MAP due to decrease in cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance

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9
Q

who should you avoid using propofol in due to its cardiovascular effects?

A

hypovolemic, hypotensive patients

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10
Q

is there reflex tachycardia with propofol?

A

no

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11
Q

propofol undergoes rapid oxidative metabolism by _____________________________

A

cytochrome P450 enzymes
hepatic and extra-hepatic

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12
Q

do disease and obesity significantly affect recovery from propofol?

A

no

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13
Q

why does propofol cause methemoglobinemia in cats?

A

phenolic ring

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14
Q

what can cause myoclonus and seizure-like activity?

A

propofol

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15
Q

what are the doses of propofol for dogs?

A

with premed: 2-4 mg/kg
without: 4-6 mg/kg

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16
Q

what is alfaxalone registered for?

A

induction and maintenance of anesthesia in dogs and cats

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17
Q

does alfaxalone cause analgesia?

A

no

18
Q

how can alfaxalone be administered?

A

IM
IV

19
Q

what systems does alfaxalone cause depression in?

A

cardiovascular
respiratory

20
Q

is the therapeutic index of propofol or alfaxalone higher?

A

alfaxalone: harder to ovedose

21
Q

what are the metabolic pathways for alfaxalone?

A

similar to endogenous steroids
rapidly redistributed and metabolized

22
Q

when can alfaxalone result in very rapid and uncontrolled recoveries?

A

if not well premedicated

23
Q

what is the duration of action of alfaxalone after full induction dose?

A

dogs: 10 minutes
cats: 25 minutes
both not premedicated

24
Q

what are the induction dose rates of alfaxalone for cats?

A

without premedication: 4 mg/kg
with: 2-3 mg/kg

25
Q

what are the dissociatives?

A

ketamine and benzodiazepine
tiletamine and zolazepam

26
Q

what are dissociatives useful for?

A

IV induction of anesthesia in all mammalian species
IM chemical restraint difficult animals

27
Q

what do dissociatives require to act?

A

functional cortex

28
Q

how do dissociatives work?

A

NMDA receptor antagonist
depression of thalamocortical system but spares RAS and limbic system

29
Q

does ketamine provide analgesia?

A

yes

30
Q

what are the cardiovascular impacts of ketamine?

A

indirect: increases HR, SV, CO, MAP, PAP
direct: decreases SV and CO
overall: increases HR, BP, CO

31
Q

what does ketamine cause in the respiratory system?

A

bronchodilation
apneustic breathing

32
Q

what does ketamine cause in the CNS?

A

stimulation: avoid if history of seizures
increases CSF and intraocular pressures if used alone

33
Q

what are the metabolites of ketamine like in cats?

A

active

34
Q

how is ketamine metabolized?

A

rapidly distributed and redistributed
liver metabolism and renal excretion

35
Q

is there a reversal agent for ketamine?

A

no

36
Q

does ketamine cause good muscle relaxation?

A

no

37
Q

what analgesia does ketamine provide?

A

some visceral
excellent somatic

38
Q

can you use tiletamine and zolazepam in rabbits?

A

no

39
Q

is ketamine or tiletamine and zolazepam more potent?

A

tiletamine and zolazepam

40
Q

who should you avoid using tiletamine and zolazepam in?

A

cats with renal disease or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
animals getting a C-section
animals with liver disease
animals with seizure history
rabbits

41
Q

what do tiletamine and zolazepam cause in rabbits?

A

nephrotoxicity

Anesthesia and Analgesia (19 decks)

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