Equine Anesthesia

Question 1

what are the causes of hypoxemia?

Answer 1

hypoventilation
low FiO2
diffusion impairment
shunt
V:Q mismatch

Question 2

what do alpha 2 agonists provide?

Answer 2

analgesia
muscle relaxation
sedation

Question 3

what is guaifenesin?

Answer 3

central muscle relaxant
no analgesia

Question 4

what can you induce with?

Answer 4

ketamine and benzodiazepine
ketamine and propofol
ketamine and guaifenesin
tiletamine and zolazepam

Question 5

what can you use for total intravenous anesthesia?

Answer 5

guaifenesin
ketamine
xylazine

Question 6

why is padding and limb position important for maintenance?

Answer 6

poor perfusion
neuropraxia/paralysis

Question 7

what is hypotension?

Answer 7

70 mmHg MAP or lower

Question 8

what is tidal volume?

Answer 8

6-20 ml/kg
peak inspiratory pressures: 25-35+ cm H2O

Question 9

what can you look at to monitor anesthetic depth?

Answer 9

palpebral
eye position
nystagmus

Question 10

what is unique about horse respiration?

Answer 10

obligate nasal breathers
active expiration

Question 11

how can we work to avoid hypoxemia in horses?

Answer 11

mechanical ventilation
inspiratory pause
alveolar recruitment
shorten time in recumbency
maintain perfusion
do not anesthetize

Question 12

what opioids can we use in horses?

Answer 12

butorphanol
morphine
hydromorphine
methadone

Question 13

what can we use for analgesia in horses?

Answer 13

NSAIDs
opioids
alpha2 agonists
lidocaine infusions
ketamine infusions

Question 14

how long should you fast a horse?

Answer 14

8-12 hours

Question 15

what alpha2 agonists can we give to horses?

Answer 15

xylazine
detomidine
romifidine
dexmedetomidine

Question 16

who should you not use acepromazine in?

Answer 16

stallions

Question 17

how do alpha2 agonists cause sedation?

Answer 17

depress reticular activating system

Question 18

when can guaifenesin cause intravascular hemolysis?

Answer 18

> 10% concentration

Question 19

what is triple drip?

Answer 19

guaifenesin
ketamine
xylazine

Question 20

what procedures can you use total intravenous anesthesia for?

Answer 20

less than one hour
short and less invasive procedures

Question 21

which nerves are we worried about stretching?

Answer 21

femoral n
obturator n
recurrent laryngeal n

Question 22

how do we monitor horses?

Answer 22

ECG
invasive blood pressure
respiratory rate
ETCO2
tidal volume
arterial blood gas

Question 23

what are the complications of recovery?

Answer 23

airway obstruction leading to syncope
pulmonary edema
long bone fractures
inability to stand

Question 24

which breeds require higher dosages?

Answer 24

hot blooded
donkeys

Question 25

until when are foals considered monogastric?

Answer 25

12 weeks
sedate well with opioids