Equine Anesthesia Flashcards
what are the causes of hypoxemia?
hypoventilation
low FiO2
diffusion impairment
shunt
V:Q mismatch
what do alpha 2 agonists provide?
analgesia
muscle relaxation
sedation
what is guaifenesin?
central muscle relaxant
no analgesia
what can you induce with?
ketamine and benzodiazepine
ketamine and propofol
ketamine and guaifenesin
tiletamine and zolazepam
what can you use for total intravenous anesthesia?
guaifenesin
ketamine
xylazine
why is padding and limb position important for maintenance?
poor perfusion
neuropraxia/paralysis
what is hypotension?
70 mmHg MAP or lower
what is tidal volume?
6-20 ml/kg
peak inspiratory pressures: 25-35+ cm H2O
what can you look at to monitor anesthetic depth?
palpebral
eye position
nystagmus
what is unique about horse respiration?
obligate nasal breathers
active expiration
how can we work to avoid hypoxemia in horses?
mechanical ventilation
inspiratory pause
alveolar recruitment
shorten time in recumbency
maintain perfusion
do not anesthetize
what opioids can we use in horses?
butorphanol
morphine
hydromorphine
methadone
what can we use for analgesia in horses?
NSAIDs
opioids
alpha2 agonists
lidocaine infusions
ketamine infusions
how long should you fast a horse?
8-12 hours
what alpha2 agonists can we give to horses?
xylazine
detomidine
romifidine
dexmedetomidine
who should you not use acepromazine in?
stallions
how do alpha2 agonists cause sedation?
depress reticular activating system
when can guaifenesin cause intravascular hemolysis?
> 10% concentration
what is triple drip?
guaifenesin
ketamine
xylazine
what procedures can you use total intravenous anesthesia for?
less than one hour
short and less invasive procedures
which nerves are we worried about stretching?
femoral n
obturator n
recurrent laryngeal n
how do we monitor horses?
ECG
invasive blood pressure
respiratory rate
ETCO2
tidal volume
arterial blood gas
what are the complications of recovery?
airway obstruction leading to syncope
pulmonary edema
long bone fractures
inability to stand
which breeds require higher dosages?
hot blooded
donkeys
until when are foals considered monogastric?
12 weeks
sedate well with opioids
